Proline accumulation in plants: a review

@article{Verbruggen2008ProlineAI,
  title={Proline accumulation in plants: a review},
  author={Nathalie Verbruggen and Christian Hermans},
  journal={Amino Acids},
  year={2008},
  volume={35},
  pages={753-759}
}
Proline (Pro) accumulation is a common physiological response in many plants in response to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. Controversy has surrounded the possible role(s) of proline accumulation. In this review, knowledge on the regulation of Pro metabolism during development and stress, results of genetic manipulation of Pro metabolism and current debate on Pro toxicity in plants are presented. 
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Proline Accumulation in Plants: Roles in Stress Tolerance and Plant Development
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Role of proline in seed germination, flowering and other developmental programmes is presented and some reports point out adverse effects of prolines when applied at higher doses.
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Proline accumulation in plants
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Most of the evidence supporting a role for proline in plant development is reviewed and critically discussed, paying special attention to the recently reported role of prolines in flower transition.
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Under osmotic stresses, proline accumulation is an important response of plants to these conditions. Proline is a compatible osmolyte which affects many cellular and molecular aspects of plant in…
Methods for determination of proline in plants.
TLDR
Three methods suitable for determination of free proline content are described: the isatin paper assay, colorimetric measurement, and HPLC-based amino acid analysis, which can be employed when concentration of all amino acids has to be compared.
A new perspective of phytohormones in salinity tolerance: Regulation of proline metabolism
Glycinebetaine and abiotic stress tolerance in plants
  • J. Giri
  • Environmental Science, Biology
    Plant signaling & behavior
  • 2011
TLDR
The accumulation of osmolytes like glycinebetaine (GB) in cell is known to protect organisms against abiotic stresses via osmoregulation or osmoprotection, but other roles of GB like cellular macromolecule protection and ROS detoxification have been suggested as mechanisms responsible for abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic plants.
Regulation of L-proline biosynthesis, signal transduction, transport, accumulation and its vital role in plants during variable environmental conditions
Proline Metabolite Transport an Efficient Approach in corn Yield Improvement as Response to Drought Conditions
TLDR
Proline, which increases proportionately faster than other amino acids in corn plants under water stress, has been suggested as an evaluating parameter for irrigation scheduling and for selecting drought- resistant varieties.
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References

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TLDR
A mechanism is proposed whereby the interconversions of proline and P5C in different cell types and the associated transfer of redox potential between tissues may constitute a form of metabolic signalling within higher plants.
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TLDR
Isotope tracer experiments with 14 C compounds established that glutamate, ornithine and arginine are precursors of the proline biosynthesis induced by PEG in response to low water potentials in Arabidopsis thaliana, and it is concluded that the accumulation of proline occurs through increased biosynthesis.
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TLDR
It is suggested that levels of Pro are regulated at the level of transcriptional the genes of these two enzymes during dehydration and rehydration, which appear to be the rate-limiting factors under water stress.
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TLDR
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TLDR
The results indicate that stress- and developmentally derived signals interact to determine proline homeostasis in Arabidopsis and that At-POX mRNA levels declined rapidly upon osmotic stress and this decline preceded proline accumulation.
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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