Production and Characterization of the Intra‐ and Extracellular Carbohydrates and Polymeric Substances (EPS) of Three Sea‐Ice Diatom Species, and Evidence for a Cryoprotective Role for EPS

@article{Aslam2012ProductionAC,
  title={Production and Characterization of the Intra‐ and Extracellular Carbohydrates and Polymeric Substances (EPS) of Three Sea‐Ice Diatom Species, and Evidence for a Cryoprotective Role for EPS},
  author={Shazia N. Aslam and Tania Cresswell-Maynard and David N. Thomas and Graham J. C. Underwood},
  journal={Journal of Phycology},
  year={2012},
  volume={48}
}
Diatoms and their associated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are major constituents of the microalgal assemblages present within sea ice. Yields and chemical composition of soluble and cell‐associated polysaccharides produced by three sea‐ice diatoms, Synedropsis sp., Fragilariopsis curta, and F. cylindrus, were compared. Colloidal carbohydrates (CC) contained heteropolysaccharides rich in mannose, xylose, galactose, and glucose. Synedropsis sp. CC consisted mainly of carbohydrates <8… 
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76 Citations

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Identifying metabolic pathways for production of extracellular polymeric substances by the diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus inhabiting sea ice
TLDR
The molecular complexity of the EPS pathway suggests metabolic plasticity in F. cylindrus is required to cope with the challenging conditions of the highly variable and extreme sea ice habitat.
Extracellular polymeric substances in Antarctic environments: A review of their ecological roles and impact on glacier biogeochemical cycles
The Alterations of Biofilm Formation and EPS Characteristics of a Diatom by a Sponge-Associated Bacterium Psychrobacter sp.
TLDR
It is proposed that changes in monosaccharides composition of the EPS of Stauroneis sp.
Elevated pCO2 Level Affects the Extracellular Polymer Metabolism of Phaeodactylum tricornutum
TLDR
Analysis of physiological characteristics, EPS yields, EPS compositions, and gene expression levels of Phaeodactylum tricornutum under elevated pCO2 levels provided critical data for understanding the mechanisms of EPS production in diatoms and evaluating the metabolic plasticity of these organisms in response to environmental changes.
Mini‐review: Phytoplankton‐derived polysaccharides in the marine environment and their interactions with heterotrophic bacteria
TLDR
This minireview summarizes current knowledge regarding the exudation and composition of phytoplankton-derived exopolysaccharides and acquisition of these compounds by heterotrophic bacteria.
Structure-activity relationship of the exopolysaccharide from a psychrophilic bacterium: A strategy for cryoprotection.
Use of exogenous glycine betaine and its precursor choline as osmoprotectants in Antarctic sea‐ice diatoms1
TLDR
Uptake of GBT protected cells against hyperosmotic shock and corresponded with reduced production of extracellular polysaccharides in N. lecointei cells, which released 85% of the retained GBT following hypoosmoticshock, suggesting the ability of sea‐ice diatoms to rapidly scavenge and release compatible solutes is likely an important strategy for survival during steep fluctuations in salinity.
The characterization and comparison of exopolysaccharides from two benthic diatoms with different biofilm formation abilities.
TLDR
It was proposed that the high content of uronic acid (especially Glc-A) might be crucial for the strong biofilm formation abilities of Amphora sp.
A Glacier Bacterium Produces High Yield of Cryoprotective Exopolysaccharide
TLDR
Increased EPS production at low temperatures, freeze thaw tolerance of the EPS producing strain, and increased survivability of E. coli in the presence of EPS as cryoprotective agent supports the hypothesis that EPS production is a strategy for survival in extremely cold environments such as the glacier ice.
Broad-scale predictability of carbohydrates and exopolymers in Antarctic and Arctic sea ice
TLDR
This study of sea ice cores from both the Antarctic and Arctic identified compelling relationships between ice thickness and salinity, algal biomass, and the concentration of polysaccharides in the ice to provide a strong basis for including estimates of regional and seasonal carbohydrate and dEPS carbon budgets in coupled physical-biogeochemical models, across different types of seaIce from both polar regions.
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TLDR
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