Prodrugs. Do they have advantages in clinical practice?

@article{Stella1985ProdrugsDT,
  title={Prodrugs. Do they have advantages in clinical practice?},
  author={Valentino J. Stella and William N. Charman and Vijay H. Naringrekar},
  journal={Drugs},
  year={1985},
  volume={29 5},
  pages={
          455-73
        }
}
Prodrugs are pharmacologically inactive chemical derivatives of a drug molecule that require a transformation within the body in order to release the active drug. They are designed to overcome pharmaceutical and/or pharmacokinetically based problems associated with the parent drug molecule that would otherwise limit the clinical usefulness of the drug. The scientific rationale, based on clinical, pharmaceutical and chemical experience, for the design of various currently used prodrugs is… 
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186 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
1
Background Citations
25
Methods Citations
2

186 Citations

Prodrugs: design and clinical applications
TLDR
The most common functional groups that are amenable to prodrug design are described, and examples of prodrugs that are either launched or are undergoing human trials are highlighted.
PRODRUGS: A REVIEW
TLDR
Classification, effect of prodrug on solubility, chemical stability, bioavailability, long duration of action and site targeted challenge with examples of pro drug illustrating the role of produg as a better way for the more effective treatment of different diseases are included.
Design and Pharmaceutical Applications of Prodrugs
TLDR
The design and pharmaceutical applications of prodrugs are studied, which aims to overcome limitations of a parent drug that would otherwise hinder its clinical use.
Concept of Prodrug
Prodrug Approach: An Alternative to Improve Pharmacokinetic Properties
TLDR
This review introduces in depth the rationale behind the use of the promoiety, and also considers the possible problems that can arise from inadequate activation of prodrugs.
Prodrug Design by Computation Methods: A New Era
TLDR
Prodrugs, soft drugs, targeted drugs, and metabolites of drugs are common terms that are used in the pharmaceutical field and can be enzymatically or chemically converted in vivo to provide the parent active drug to exert a therapeutic effect.
Highly Efficient Prodrugs: Design and Therapeutic Applications
TLDR
In this review, different types of carriers, which can be used for prodrug synthesis are summarized and both marketed and investigational prodrugs from several promoieties are discussed not only for their advantages and uses but also their prospects.
Prodrugs available on the Brazilian pharmaceutical market and their corresponding bioactivation pathways
TLDR
Examination of examples of prodrugs from many important therapeutic classes shows that prodrug design is a very valuable aspect in the research of new drugs and for the pharmaceutical industry as a whole.
Cutting Edge Approach on Prodrug: Contrivance for Target Drug Delivery
TLDR
Prodrugs are the shrouded drugs which are one or two chemical or enzymatic steps away from the active parent drug.
Prodrug Approaches for CNS Delivery
TLDR
Insight is provided into various prodrug strategies explored to date for CNS drug delivery, including lipophilic prodrugs, carrier- and receptor-mediated prodrug delivery systems, and gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy.
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References

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Chapter 31. Prodrug Approach in Drug Design
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TLDR
The design of drugs has been tried for many years but many, if not most, drugs used in these days are not the products but more the by-products of efforts in drug design.
Phenytoin prodrugs IV: Hydrolysis of various 3-(hydroxymethyl)phenytoin esters.
TLDR
The aqueous chemical stability of various bioreversible derivatives or prodrugs of phenytoin, a poorly water-soluble and erratically absorbed drug after both oral and intramuscular parenteral dosing, was evaluated to identify a number of promising candidate pro drugs.
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TLDR
Serum hydrolysis studies on certain 2,7-diesters of lincomycin established that a high degree of esterase activity is present in the serum of several different rodent species and appeared to be limited to these species.
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Phenytoin prodrugs VI: In vivo evaluation of a phosphate ester prodrug of phenytoin after parenteral administration to rats.
TLDR
It was concluded that 3-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-diphenylhydantoin disodium phosphate ester might be useful as a nonirritant phenytoin prodrug suitable for parenteral administration.
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TLDR
Tests of eight testosterone derivatives revealed that testosterone acid succinate, testosterone amidosuccinate, and testosterone ethylene ketal methoxymethyl ether displayed anabolic and androgenic activity, while ditestosterone formal (XV b ) was virtually inactive.
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Administration of N-methyl-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carbaldoxime hydrochloride, the pro-drug form of 2-PAM, resulted in an average of 13-fold increase in the amount of 2-PAM delivered into the brain of…
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A variety of esters of methyldopa was synthesized with the objective of obtaining derivatives that would be more efficiently absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract than the free amino acid and…
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