Primary Versus Nonprimary West Nile Virus Infection: A Cohort Study.

@article{Rahav2016PrimaryVN,
  title={Primary Versus Nonprimary West Nile Virus Infection: A Cohort Study.},
  author={Galia Rahav and Michal Hagin and Yasmin Maor and Gilad Yahalom and Musa Hindiyeh and Ella Mendelson and Hanna Bin},
  journal={The Journal of infectious diseases},
  year={2016},
  volume={213 5},
  pages={
          755-61
        }
}
BACKGROUND Since 2001, we have observed patients with a clinical picture consistent with West Nile virus (WNV) infection, which was defined as nonprimary infection (NPI) owing to the presence of highly elevated serum immunoglobulin G antibody titers with a high avidity index (≥ 55%), absent or low titers of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoglobulin M, and occasionally positive results of WNV-specific real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of CSF and/or blood… 
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