Precise tuning of cortical contractility regulates cell shape during cytokinesis

@article{Taneja2019PreciseTO,
  title={Precise tuning of cortical contractility regulates cell shape during cytokinesis},
  author={Nilay Taneja and Matthew R. Bersi and Sophie M Baillargeon and Aidan M. Fenix and James A. Cooper and Ryoma Ohi and Vivian Gama and W. David Merryman and Dylan T Burnette},
  journal={bioRxiv},
  year={2019}
}
The mechanical properties of the cellular cortex regulate shape changes during cell division, cell migration and tissue morphogenesis. During cell division, contractile force generated by the molecular motor myosin II (MII) at the equatorial cortex drives cleavage furrow ingression. Cleavage furrow ingression in turn increases stresses at the polar cortex, where contractility must be regulated to maintain cell shape during cytokinesis. How polar cortex contractility controls cell shape is… 
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25 Citations

Robust maintenance of cell surface tension in mitosis by RhoA-driven myosin II mechanoresponse
TLDR
It is shown that the cell surface tension is actively maintained by a mechanosensitive RhoA pathway at the cell cortex during mitosis, which drives NMIIB mechanoresponse via its head domain regulation to maintain cellsurface tension during mitotic cells to withstand compressive stress.
Optogenetic relaxation of actomyosin contractility uncovers mechanistic roles of cortical tension during cytokinesis
TLDR
The OptoMYPT system was employed to understand the mechanics of actomyosin-based cortical tension and contractile ring tension during cytokinesis and found that the relaxation of cortical tension at both poles accelerated the furrow ingression rate, revealing that the cortical tension substantially antagonizes constriction of the cleavage furrow.
CLIC4 is a cytokinetic cleavage furrow protein that regulates cortical cytoskeleton stability during cell division
TLDR
A role for CLIC4 is described in regulating actin and actin regulators at the cortex and cytokinetic cleavage furrow during cytokinesis and the remodeling of the sub-plasma-membrane actomyosin network within the furrow by recruiting MST4 kinase and regulating ezrin phosphorylation is demonstrated.
Distinct roles of nonmuscle myosin II isoforms for establishing tension and elasticity during cell morphodynamics
TLDR
It is found that NM IIA is essential to build up cellular tension during initial stages of force generation, while NM IIB is necessary to elastically stabilizeNM IIA-generated tension.
Data and scripts from: Actin reorganization throughout the cell cycle mediated by motor proteins
TLDR
This work suggests that certain actin-myosin organizations may require additional regulation beyond mediation by motor proteins in order to reconfigure the cytoskeleton network on experimentally-observed timescales.
Tension modulation of actomyosin ring assembly and RhoGTPases activity: Perspectives from the Xenopus oocyte wound healing model
TLDR
Evidence is shown for the support of tension as an essential regulatory signal for the formation of AMR, which places the cytoskeleton at the center of events involving changes in cell shape such as cytokinesis which also involves the formation and closure of an AMR.
Simulated actin reorganization mediated by motor proteins
TLDR
This work proposes stochastic agent-based models and develops a set of data analysis measures to assess how myosin motor proteins mediate various actin organizations, and uncovers parameter regimes where spatial segregation between motor populations is achieved.
Local contractions regulate E-cadherin rigidity sensing
TLDR
It is suggested that epithelial cells test and respond to the mechanical characteristics of neighboring cells through cadherin contractions, which enable cells to test myosin IIA–mediated tension of neighboring Cells and sort out myosIn IIA-depleted cells.
Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase increases myofibril viscosity in cardiac myocytes
TLDR
Inhibition of FAK signaling altered the viscoelastic properties of myofibrils, and resulted in increased viscous damping of my ofibril retraction following laser ablation.
Nonmuscle myosin IIA dynamically guides regulatory light chain phosphorylation and assembly of nonmuscle myosin IIB
TLDR
It is concluded that NM IIA and B play clearly defined complementary roles during assembly of functional minifilaments and form a balanced system for regulated force generation.
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References

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TLDR
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