Practice with Sleep Makes Perfect Sleep-Dependent Motor Skill Learning

@article{Walker2002PracticeWS,
  title={Practice with Sleep Makes Perfect Sleep-Dependent Motor Skill Learning},
  author={Matthew P. Walker and Tiffany A. Brakefield and Alexandra Morgan and J. Allan Hobson and Robert Stickgold},
  journal={Neuron},
  year={2002},
  volume={35},
  pages={205-211}
}
View on Elsevier
cell.com
1,194 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
81
Background Citations
377
Methods Citations
97
Results Citations
70

Figures and Tables from this paper

1,194 Citations

Effect of sleep on gross motor memory

TLDR
Gross motor skill performance improved in both groups following a night of sleep but not after a day of wakefulness, which may have implications for learning of new gross motor skills in a range of activities from dance to motor rehabilitation.

Practice Makes Imperfect: Restorative Effects of Sleep on Motor Learning

TLDR
The present findings lend support to the notion that latent sleep-dependent enhancement of performance is a behavioral expression of the brain's restitution in sleep, and re-interpret the sleep- dependent memory enhancement in motor learning reported in the literature as a restoration of fatigued circuitry specialized for the skill.

Sleep and Motor Skill Learning

It's practice, with sleep, that makes perfect: implications of sleep-dependent learning and plasticity for skill performance.

Sleep and the time course of motor skill learning.

TLDR
It is demonstrated that following initial training, small practice-dependent improvements are possible before, but not following the large practice-independent gains that develop across a night of sleep, suggesting the existence of two discrete motor-learning processes.

Age-related decline of sleep-dependent consolidation.

TLDR
Older adults showed similar degrees of initial learning, however, performance of the older adults did not improve following sleep, providing evidence that sleep-dependent consolidation is diminished with age.

Re-examining sleep׳s effect on motor skills: How to access performance on the finger tapping task?

Sleep-dependent learning and motor-skill complexity.

TLDR
The sleep-dependent learning process selectively provides maximum benefit to motor-skill procedures that proved to be most difficult prior to sleep, as well as individual transitions within the motor-sequence pattern that appeared most difficult at the end of training.

Sleep-independent offline consolidation of response inhibition during the daytime post-training period

TLDR
This work found that delayed response inhibition skill improvement was achieved via a simple passage of daytime, regardless of the participants’ alertness level, and suggested that sleep-independent neuroplasticity occurs during the daytime and facilitates a delayed learning of response inhibitionskill.

Time of day accounts for overnight improvement in sequence learning.

TLDR
The data show that sleep does not affect implicit sequence learning; rather, time of day affects the ability of participants to express what they have learned.
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 55 REFERENCES

Dependence on REM sleep of overnight improvement of a perceptual skill.

TLDR
Performance of a basic visual discrimination task improved after a normal night's sleep, indicating that a process of human memory consolidation, active during sleep, is strongly dependent on REM sleep.

Impaired motor memory for a pursuit rotor task following Stage 2 sleep loss in college students

TLDR
It was concluded that Stage 2 sleep, rather than REM sleep was the important stage of sleep for efficient memory processing of the pursuit rotor task.

Visual Discrimination Task Improvement: A Multi-Step Process Occurring During Sleep

TLDR
The results suggest that, in the case of this visual discrimination task, both SWS and REM are required to consolidate experience-dependent neuronal changes into a form that supports improved task performance.

Visual discrimination learning requires sleep after training

TLDR
Findings that subjects show no improvement when retested the same day as training demonstrates that sleep within 30 hours of training is absolutely required for improved performance.

Sleeping brain, learning brain. The role of sleep for memory systems

TLDR
These studies convincingly support the idea that sleep is deeply involved in memory functions in humans and animals and confirm or reject unequivocally the recently upheld hypothesis that consolidations of non-declarative and declarative memories are respectively dependent upon REM and NREM sleep processes.

Early sleep triggers memory for early visual discrimination skills

TLDR
It is suggested that procedural memory formation is prompted by slow-wave sleep-related processes, only after periods of early sleep have occurred and late REM sleep may promote memory formation at a second stage.

The relationship between frequency of rapid eye movements in REM sleep and SWS rebound

TLDR
Stepwise regression showed that the decrease in REM frequency is not correlated with the increase in AAT, the traditional index of sleep depth, but is correlated with SWS rebound, which cannot be attributed to a variation in prior sleep duration.

Sleep, Learning, and Dreams: Off-line Memory Reprocessing

TLDR
Evidence supports a role for sleep in the consolidation of an array of learning and memory tasks and new methodologies allow the experimental manipulation of dream content at sleep onset, permitting an objective and scientific study of this dream formation and a renewed search for the possible functions of dreaming and the biological processes subserving it.

Quantification of sleepiness: a new approach.

The Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) is a self-rating scale which is used to quantify progressive steps in sleepiness. The present study investigated whether the SSS cross-validates with performance…

Paradoxical sleep at selective times following training is necessary for learning

...