Potentiation of the Plasma Insulin Response to Glucose by Prior Administration of Alcohol: An Apparent Islet-Priming Effect

@article{Metz1969PotentiationOT,
  title={Potentiation of the Plasma Insulin Response to Glucose by Prior Administration of Alcohol: An Apparent Islet-Priming Effect},
  author={Robert Metz and Sheldon Berger and Mary E. Mako},
  journal={Diabetes},
  year={1969},
  volume={18},
  pages={517 - 522}
}
Ethyl alcohol which has been reported to be without effect on insulin secretion apparently modifies beta-cell function nevertheless, as indicated by the plasma insulin responses to glucose loading after prior administration of alcohol. Glucose was injected intravenously in nine young adults on three separate occasions at intervals of at least two weeks. During the twelve hours preceding each test the subjects received ethanol either by mouth or by vein or, as a control, no ethanol. Plasma… 
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Differential Plasma Insulin Response to Glucose and Glucagon Stimulation Following Ethanol Priming
TLDR
An unexpected finding was the inhibitory effect of alcohol on glucagon-induced insulin release, in direct contrast to its effect when glucose is the insulinogogue, suggesting that glucose and glucagon exert their effects throughdifferent mechanisms or on different fractions of the insulin pool.
Ethanol-induced Alterations of Glucose Tolerance, Postglucose Hypoglycemia, and Insulin Secretion in Normal, Obese, and Diabetic Subjects
TLDR
In insulin-deficient diabetic patients the absent early insulin response could not be restored by ethanol, and the late component of insulin release was little increased by alcohol infusion, while ethanol did not improve the glucose utilization of diabetic patients.
Effects of ethanol ingestion on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in normal and diabetic subjects.
TLDR
In mild diabetic patients, moderate intake of ethanol is without acute deleterious effects on carbohydrate homeostasis and may in some instances improve the blood glucose response to ingested carbohydrate.
Effect of Ethanol on Stimulus-induced Insulin Secretion and Glucose Tolerance: A Study of Mechanisms
TLDR
It is proposed that (1) ethanol in vivo acutely induces hypocalcamie, which inhibits glucose- and tol butamide-induced insulin secretion—which, in turn, causes glucose intolerance and prevents tolbutamide- induced hypoglycamie.
Effect of Ethanol on the Glucose-mediated Insulin Release in Triply Catheterized Anesthetized Pigs
TLDR
Ethanol seems to potentiate, in an inverse concentration-dependent manner, the glucose-mediated insulin response through an action directly on the pancreas through the action of ethanol in the preinfusion period.
Glucose- and Tolbutamide-Mediated Insulin Response after Preinfusion with Ethanol
TLDR
Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (1VGTT) were carried out in five normal subjects after ethanol preinfusion for one, two or four hours and the subsequent insulin response followed the same pattern as seen in the four-hour-IVGTT experiment.
Some Aspects of “Acute Phase” Insulin Release in Healthy Subjects
TLDR
It is suggested that studies involving the effects of agents on the dynamics of acute phase insulin response to glucose be done with glucose doses which produce submaximal β-cell stimulation.
Ethanol-insulin interrelationships in the rat studied in vitro and in vivo: evidence for direct ethanol inhibition of biphasic glucose-induced insulin secretion.
TLDR
The data suggest that stimulus-induced insulin secretion may be enhanced by an ETOH metabolite if the ETOh exposure is prolonged and at a low level, and indicates that second phase secretion of insulin from the pancreas is more sensitive to the acute effects of ETO H.
Effect of Ethanol, Acetaldehyde, and Acetate on Insulin and Glucagon Secretion in the Perfused Rat Pancreas
TLDR
The block of insulin secretion and the increased secretion of glucagon could explain the diabetogenic effect of ethanol demonstrated in vivo and the mechanism by which ethanol acts on the pancreatic β- and α-cells is discussed.
Changes in plasma insulin during ethanol-induced hypoglycemia.
TLDR
An ethanol infusion is useful in excluding a suspected insulinoma, and may be useful in establishing the diagnosis in patients in whom the diagnosis is in doubt.
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