Pneumotaxic centre and apneustic breathing: Interspecies differences between rat and cat

@article{Monteau1989PneumotaxicCA,
  title={Pneumotaxic centre and apneustic breathing: Interspecies differences between rat and cat},
  author={Roger Monteau and S. Errchidi and Philippe Gauthier and Gérard Hilaire and Paul Patrick Rega},
  journal={Neuroscience Letters},
  year={1989},
  volume={99},
  pages={311-316}
}
Pontine influences on the breathing pattern were studied in rats using either in vivo experiments in anaesthetized adult animals or in vitro experiments in newborn preparations. In cats, after anaesthesia and bivagotomy, pontine transection has been described as evoking an apneustic pattern of breathing (long sustained inspiratory discharges interrupted by short expiratory pauses). In rats, after anaesthesia, bivagotomy and pontine transection, apneustic patterns of breathing were not observed… 
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A ‘pneumotaxic centre’ in rats
TLDR
Physiologically, data obtained are similar to those obtained following dorsolateral pontine lesion in rat and other mammalian species and support the hypothesis that pontine neurons influence breathing similarly across mammalian species.
Noradrenergic receptors and in vitro respiratory rhythm: possible interspecies differences between mouse and rat neonates
TLDR
In vitro experiments on brainstem-spinal cord preparations from mouse and rat neonates showed that interspecies differences seem to exist in the noradrenergic regulations of the rat and mouse medullary respiratory networks.
Characterizations and comparisons of eupnoea and gasping in neonatal rats.
TLDR
It is concluded that, from the day of birth, rats can exhibit eupnoea and gasping patterns which are very similar to those of adult animals, and this preparation of the in vitro brainstem spinal cord preparation is not suitable for investigation of the mechanisms that generate e upnoeic breathing.
Pontine respiratory neurons in anesthetized cats
TLDR
These pontine respiratory neurons do not appear to receive a strong afferent input from the vagus, rather, vagal afferent inputs seem to be directed towards non-respiratory neurons that are located more medially in the dorsal pons.
Noradrenergic modulation of the medullary respiratory rhythm generator in the newborn rat: an in vitro study.
TLDR
Stimulation, lesion and NA microejection experiments suggested that the main site of NA action is located in the rostral ventrolateral medulla, where electrical stimulations triggered inspiration prematurely, lesions suppressed the NA‐induced decrease in respiratory frequency, and localized application of NA led to an immediate decrease in the respiratory frequency.
The functional expression of a pontine pneumotaxic centre in neonatal rats.
TLDR
It is concluded that from the day of birth, rostral pontine pneumotaxic mechanisms play a significant role in the definition of eupnoea and rats can exhibit the classical ventilatory patterns of e upnoeoa, apneusis and gasping.
Permanent release of noradrenaline modulates respiratory frequency in the newborn rat: an in vitro study.
TLDR
It is suggested that the mechanisms underlying NA biosynthesis continue to function under these in vitro experimental conditions and are responsible for a permanent release of endogenous NA, which slows down the respiratory frequency.
Neurones in the ventrolateral pons are required for post‐hypoxic frequency decline in rats.
TLDR
The hypothesis that the ventrolateral pons is required for expression of post‐hypoxic frequency decline, defined as a decrease in respiratory frequency below steady‐state baseline levels following brief exposures to hypoxia, is tested and it is concluded that the mechanism responsible for post‐ Hypoxia frequency decline involves an active neural process that depends on the integrity of the ventral pons.
Research Report Pontine respiratory neurons in anesthetized cats
TLDR
These pontine respiratory neurons do not appear to receive a strong afferent input from the vagus, rather, vagal afferent inputs seem to be directed towards non-respiratory neurons that are located more medially in the dorsal pons.
Modulation of the respiratory rhythm generator by the pontine noradrenergic A5 and A6 groups in rodents
TLDR
The aim of the present review is to summarise available studies dealing with the respiratory control exerted by pontine noradrenergic neurones in neonatal and adult mammals, showing that the A5-A6 modulation of the respiratory rhythm generator is not transient, occurring solely during the perinatal period but it persists throughout life.
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References

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