Photographic observation of a natural fourth-order rainbow.

@article{Theusner2011PhotographicOO,
  title={Photographic observation of a natural fourth-order rainbow.},
  author={Michael Theusner},
  journal={Applied optics},
  year={2011},
  volume={50 28},
  pages={
          F129-33
        }
}
We report what is believed to be the first photographic recording of a quaternary rainbow in nature. It appears on the Sun side of the sky with its red arc at a radius of about 45° from the Sun. The original pictures have been subjected to various forms of image processing to reveal the tertiary rainbow as well as the quaternary rainbow, which are separated by only a few degrees with their colors reversed and their red arcs adjacent to each other. 
View on PubMed
envsci.rutgers.edu
19 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
1
Background Citations
8

Figures, Tables, and Topics from this paper

19 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

Photographic evidence for the third-order rainbow.
TLDR
Evidence of a third-order rainbow has been obtained by using image processing techniques on a digital photograph that contains no obvious indication of such a rainbow. Expand
Photographic observation of a natural fifth-order rainbow.
  • H. Edens
  • Physics, Medicine
  • Applied optics
  • 2015
TLDR
The quinary rainbow, together with its first supernumerary, appears in a contrast-enhanced version of the photograph as broad green and blue-violet color bands within Alexander's dark band between the primary and secondary rainbows. Expand
Probable photographic detection of the natural seventh-order rainbow.
We present a stacked and contrast-enhanced image comprised of 12 digital photographs that shows a series of color hues in the correct order and location to be part of the seventh-order rainbow. The… Expand
Visibility of natural tertiary rainbows.
TLDR
To analyze the natural tertiary's visibility, Lorenz-Mie theory, the Debye series, and a modified geometrical optics model are used to calculate the tertiaries' chromaticity gamuts, luminance contrasts, and color contrasts as seen against dark cloud backgrounds. Expand
Observation, analysis, and reconstruction of a twinned rainbow.
TLDR
A photograph of a twinned rainbow, obtained on 11 May, 2012, in Dresden, Germany, is precisely calibrated with respect to lens projection and camera orientation to demonstrate the optical determination of physical rainfall properties. Expand
Polarization and visibility of higher-order rainbows.
The degree of polarization of rainbows of order k with k≥3 is bounded in the interval [75%, 78%], where 75% is the limit for k→∞. A polarization filter can improve the signal-to-background ratio of… Expand
Polarization and visibility of higher-order rainbows Gunther
The degree of polarization of rainbows of order k with k ≥ 3 is bounded in the interval [75%, 78%], where 75% is the limit for k → ∞. A polarization filter can improve the signal-to-background ratio… Expand
Rainbows by elliptically deformed drops. II. The appearance of supernumeraries of high-order rainbows in rain showers.
TLDR
It is concluded that supernumerary formation of rainbows of order three, four, and five is possible in natural rain showers. Expand
Dislocated spots and triple splittings of natural rainbows generated by large drop distortions, oscillations, and tilts.
TLDR
This paper presents simulations based on natural drop size distributions using both a geometric optical model, as well as numerically calculated Möbius shifts applied to Debye series data. Expand
Rainbows by elliptically deformed drops. I. Möbius shift for high-order rainbows.
Using ray theory, the Möbius shift of the (p-1)-order rainbow angle for a particle having an elliptical cross section is obtained to first order in the ellipticity as a function of the tilt of the… Expand
...
1
2
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 11 REFERENCES
Photographic evidence for the third-order rainbow.
TLDR
Evidence of a third-order rainbow has been obtained by using image processing techniques on a digital photograph that contains no obvious indication of such a rainbow. Expand
Visibility of natural tertiary rainbows.
TLDR
To analyze the natural tertiary's visibility, Lorenz-Mie theory, the Debye series, and a modified geometrical optics model are used to calculate the tertiaries' chromaticity gamuts, luminance contrasts, and color contrasts as seen against dark cloud backgrounds. Expand
Mie theory, airy theory, and the natural rainbow.
TLDR
Compared with Mie scattering theory, Airy rainbow theory clearly miscalculates some monochromatic details of scattering by small water drops, yet when monodisperse Airy theory is measured by perceptual standards such as chromaticity and luminance contrast, it differs very little from Mie theory. Expand
The Rainbow bridge: Rainbows in art, myth, and science / Raymond L. Lee, Jr., Alistair B. Fraser
Venerated as god and goddess, feared as demon and pestilence, trusted as battle omen, and used as a proving ground for optical theories, the rainbow is woven into the fabric of our past and present.… Expand
The IDL Astronomy User's Library
TLDR
The author will overview the use of IDL within the astronomical community and discuss recent enhancements at the IDL astronomy library, including a fairly complete I/O package for FITS images and tables, an image deconvolution package and an image mosaic package, and access to IDL Open Windows/Motif widgets interface. Expand
Können, Sophialaan 4, NL-3761DK Soest, The Netherlands
  • 2011
Natural tertiary rainbow 3rd order,
  • 2011
Regenbogen 3 Natural tertiary rainbow 3 rd order
  • 2011
Regenbogen 3. Ordnung 15.05.2011,
  • http:// www.meteoros.de/php/viewtopic.php?t=8463
  • 2011
Lichtspiele in der Luft
...
1
2
...