Photographic evidence for the third-order rainbow.
@article{Grossmann2011PhotographicEF, title={Photographic evidence for the third-order rainbow.}, author={Michael Grossmann and Elmar Dr. Schmidt and Alexander Hau{\ss}mann}, journal={Applied optics}, year={2011}, volume={50 28}, pages={ F134-41 } }
The first likely photographic observation of the tertiary rainbow caused by sunlight in the open air is reported and analyzed. Whereas primary and secondary rainbows are rather common and easily seen phenomena in atmospheric optics, the tertiary rainbow appears in the sunward side of the sky and is thus largely masked by forward scattered light. Up to now, only a few visual reports and no reliable photographs of the tertiary rainbow are known. Evidence of a third-order rainbow has been obtained…
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The original pictures have been subjected to various forms of image processing to reveal the tertiary rainbow as well as the quaternary rainbow, which are separated by only a few degrees with their colors reversed and their red arcs adjacent to each other.
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To analyze the natural tertiary's visibility, Lorenz-Mie theory, the Debye series, and a modified geometrical optics model are used to calculate the tertiaries' chromaticity gamuts, luminance contrasts, and color contrasts as seen against dark cloud backgrounds.
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