Pharmacokinetics and related pharmacodynamics of anticholinergic drugs
@article{AliMelkkil1993PharmacokineticsAR, title={Pharmacokinetics and related pharmacodynamics of anticholinergic drugs}, author={Timo Ali‐Melkkil{\"a} and Jussi H. Kanto and E. U. M. Iisalo}, journal={Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica}, year={1993}, volume={37} }
The pharmacokinetics and some pharmacodynamic properties of atropine, glycopyrrolate and scopolamine are reviewed. With the development of new analytical methods for drug determination, it is now possible to measure relatively low concentrations of these drugs in biological fluids and, consequently, some new kinetic data have been collected. Following intravenous administration, a fast disappearance from the circulation is observed and due to a high total clearance value their elimination phase…
153 Citations
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Clinical Use of Scopolamine
- Medicine, BiologyTherapeutic drug monitoring
- 2005
Scopolamine has been shown to undergo an oxidative demethylation during incubation with CYP3A (cytochrome P-450 subfamily), and the glucuronide conjugation of scopolamine could be the relevant pathway in healthy volunteers.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glycopyrrolate following a continuous-rate infusion in the horse.
- Biology, MedicineJournal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
- 2014
The relationship between plasma GLY concentration and heart rate exhibited counterclockwise hysteresis that was adequately described using an effect compartment and an improved understanding of the plasma concentration-effect relationship in racehorses is warranted.
Pharmacology, toxicology and clinical safety of glycopyrrolate
- MedicineToxicology and applied pharmacology
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Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluations of the Zwitterionic Metabolite of a New Series of N-Substituted Soft Anticholinergics
- Biology, ChemistryPharmaceutical Research
- 2005
N-Substituted zwitterionic metabolites retain some, but only considerably reduced activity of their parent quaternary ammonium ester soft anticholinergic drugs, and they are very rapidly eliminated from the systemic circulation.
Pharmacological effects of some newly developed soft anticholinergics and a receptor-binding QSAR study.
- Chemistry, BiologyDie Pharmazie
- 2006
Receptor-binding studies using cloned human muscarinic receptors were performed on newly synthesized soft anticholinergics that are isosteric/ isoelectronic analogs of glycopyrrolate, confirming the known stereospecificity of these receptors, pure 2R isomers were found more active than the corresponding isomeric mixtures.
Synthesis and pharmacological effects of new, N‐substituted soft anticholinergics based on glycopyrrolate
- Chemistry, BiologyThe Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology
- 2005
Two new N‐substituted glycopyrrolate analogues designed using soft drug design approaches have been synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo, indicating that, in agreement with their soft nature, they are locally active, but safe and with a low potential to cause systemic side‐effects.
Anticholinergics in Palliative Medicine
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- 2013
The purpose of this review is to highlight anticholinergic agents, their pharmacology, and an evidence-based assessment of their role in palliative care.
Antidote for organophosphate insecticide poisoning: atropine and pralidoxime
- Medicine
- 2013
Pralidoxime is a biochemical antidote that reactivates acetylcholinesterase by removing OP from it, and is effective in treating both muscarinic and nicotinic symptoms.
Oral glycopyrrolate after the failure of oral oxybutynin in the treatment of primary hyperhidrosis
- Medicine, PsychologyThe British journal of dermatology
- 2017
GLY was prescribed to patients diagnosed with primary hyperhidrosis between January 2012 and October 2014, for whom previous treatment with oral oxybutynin had failed, and the response was excellent for 15 patients (65%) and partial for four patients (17%).
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Glycopyrrolate in the Horse
- Medicine, Biology
- 2012
Pharmacokinetics studies are important for determining drug plasma and urine concentrations following a typical often clinically relevant dosage in horseracing.
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