Peptide-specific recognition of human cytomegalovirus strains controls adaptive natural killer cells

@article{Hammer2018PeptidespecificRO,
  title={Peptide-specific recognition of human cytomegalovirus strains controls adaptive natural killer cells},
  author={Quirin Hammer and Timo R{\"u}ckert and Eva Maria Borst and Josefine Dunst and Andr{\'e} Haubner and Pawel Durek and Frederik Heinrich and Gilles Gasparoni and Marina Babi{\'c} and Adriana Tomic and Gabriella Pietra and Mikalai Nienen and Igor Wolfgang Blau and J{\"o}rg Hofmann and Il-Kang Na and Immo Prinz and Christian Koenecke and Philipp G. Hemmati and Nina Babel and Renate Arnold and J{\"o}rn Walter and Kevin Thurley and Mir-Farzin Mashreghi and Martin Messerle and Chiara Romagnani},
  journal={Nature Immunology},
  year={2018},
  volume={19},
  pages={453-463}
}
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that lack antigen-specific rearranged receptors, a hallmark of adaptive lymphocytes. In some people infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), an NK cell subset expressing the activating receptor NKG2C undergoes clonal-like expansion that partially resembles anti-viral adaptive responses. However, the viral ligand that drives the activation and differentiation of adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells has remained unclear. Here we found that adaptive NKG2C… 
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The expansion of adaptive NK cells in vivo has been documented in various viral infections, while the frequency of adaptiveNK cells among peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with improved prognosis of monoclonal Ab treatment against leukemia.
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The numerous modes for the specific recognition of viral antigens and peptides by NK cells and the implications of this for the composition of the NK cell repertoire as well as for the the selection of viral variants are discussed.
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These exciting findings not only support the idea of NK cells with adaptive features, but define a novel field of harnessing memory NK cell subsets for therapeutic strategies.
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TLDR
A novel hemagglutinin (HA)-specific NKp46+ NKG2A+ NK cell subset induced by influenza A virus infection bridges innate and adaptive immune memory response and promotes the homeostasis of local environment during recall response.
NK Cell Memory to Cytomegalovirus: Implications for Vaccine Development
TLDR
Current understanding of NK cell memory to viral infection with a focus on the response to cytomegaloviruses is discussed with particular emphasis on how a strategy that can harness the innate immune system and NK cells could be crucial for the development of a vaccine against this high-priority pathogen.
Impact of CMV Infection on Natural Killer Cell Clonal Repertoire in CMV-Naïve Rhesus Macaques
TLDR
It is suggested that RhCMV is not the sole driver of clonal expansion and peripheral maintenance of mature NK cells; however, infection of macaques with this herpesvirus does result in selective expansion and persistence of specific NK cell clones, providing further information relevant to adaptive NK cells and the development of NK cell therapies.
Distinct Surface Expression of Activating Receptor Ly49H Drives Differential Expansion of NK Cell Clones upon Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection.
Cytomegalovirus-Driven Adaption of Natural Killer Cells in NKG2Cnull Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals
TLDR
The general phenotypic and functional equivalency observed suggests NKG2C-independent routes of HCMV-driven NK cell differentiation, which may involve increased CD2 expression, are suggested.
Natural Killer Cells Adapt to Cytomegalovirus Along a Functionally Static Phenotypic Spectrum in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
TLDR
In general, NK cell function in response to signaling through CD16 was well preserved in HIV infection and although HCMV had a clear effect on NK cell FcRγ and NKG2C expression, there was little evidence that the level of adaptation to H CMV infection affected CD16-dependent NK cell signaling in HIV infections.
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