Pediatric Endocrinology Update: An Overview

@article{Macgillivray1998PediatricEU,
  title={Pediatric Endocrinology Update: An Overview},
  author={Margaret H Macgillivray and Akira Morishima and Felix A. Conte and Melvin M. Grumbach and Eric P. Smith},
  journal={Hormone Research in Paediatrics},
  year={1998},
  volume={49},
  pages={2 - 8}
}
The goals of this presentation are to review the essential roles of aromatase, estrogens and the estrogen receptor in pubertal growth. Estrogen deficiency due to mutations in the aromatase gene (CYP19) and estrogen resistance due to disruptive mutations in the estrogen receptor gene have no effect on normal male sexual maturation in puberty. However, they lead to absence of the pubertal growth spurt, delayed bone maturation, unfused epiphyses, continued growth into adulthood and very tall adult… 
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113 Citations

Critical Role of Estrogens on Bone Homeostasis in Both Male and Female: From Physiology to Medical Implications
TLDR
This review will summarize the main clinical and experimental studies reporting the effects of estrogens not only in females but also in males, during different life stages, and discuss new ongoing strategies to increase the benefit/risk ratio of the hormonal treatment of menopause.
Bone Has a Sexually Dimorphic Response to Aromatase Deficiency
  • Orhan K Öz, J. Zerwekh, E. Simpson
  • Biology, Medicine
    Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
  • 2000
TLDR
The findings suggest that osteoporosis seen in aromatase‐deficient mice may arise from different bone remodeling activities between males and females, and imply that estrogen is important for attaining peak bone mass in male as well as in female mice.
The role of estrogen receptor α in the regulation of bone and growth plate cartilage
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The newly characterized signaling pathways of estrogen, described in this review, provide a better understanding of the ERα signaling pathways, which may facilitate the design of new, bone-specific treatment strategies with minimal adverse effects.
The role of estrogen receptor α in the regulation of bone mass
TLDR
The studies presented in this thesis have increased the knowledge regarding estrogen signaling pathways in both females and males and may contribute to the design of new, bone-specific treatment strategies that maintain the protective effects of estrogen but minimize the adverse effects.
Obesity and Disturbed Lipoprotein Profile in Estrogen Receptor-α-Deficient Male Mice
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It is found that ERα but not ERβ-inactivated male mice develop obesity after sexual maturation, and the estrogen receptor (ER) specificity of such effects is dissected.
GH as a co-gonadotropin: the relevance of correlative changes in GH secretion and reproductive state.
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Correlative changes in GH secretion and reproductive state (puberty, pregnancy, lactation, menopause and ovarian cycles) are thus the primary focus of this review.
Catch-up Growth in Severe Juvenile Hypothyroidism: Treatment with a GnRH Analog
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This study suggests that the addition of GnRHa to LT4 may improve interval growth without imposing a risk of obesity in children with longstanding severe hypothyroidism.
Prepubertal urinary estrogen excretion and its relationship with pubertal timing.
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In conclusion, prepubertal estrogens may not be critical for the onset of the pubertal growth spurt but are correlated with its duration in both boys and girls.
A unique case of combined pituitary hormone deficiency caused by a PROP1 gene mutation (R120C) associated with normal height and absent puberty
TLDR
This is the first report of a patient with a mutation in the PROP1 gene that attained normal height without hormonal treatment, indicating a new variability in thePROP1 phenotype, with important implications for the diagnosis of these patients.
The role of estrogen and androgen receptors in bone health and disease
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