Pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 90-year perspective
@article{Zaccardi2015PathophysiologyOT, title={Pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 90-year perspective}, author={Francesco Zaccardi and David R Webb and Thomas Yates and Melanie Jane Davies}, journal={Postgraduate Medical Journal}, year={2015}, volume={92}, pages={63 - 69} }
Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder associated with an increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular disease; its main clinical characteristic is hyperglycaemia. The last century has been characterised by remarkable advances in our understanding of the mechanisms leading to hyperglycaemia. The central role of insulin in glucose metabolism regulation was clearly demonstrated during the early 1920s, when Banting, Best, Collip and Macleod successfully reduced blood glucose levels…
340 Citations
Atrial fibrillation risk in patients suffering from type I diabetes mellitus. A review of clinical and experimental evidence.
- Biology, MedicineDiabetes research and clinical practice
- 2021
Sugar-Lowering Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome—Review of Classical and New Compounds: Part-I
- MedicinePharmaceuticals
- 2019
In this review, some of these promising glucose-lowering agents will be comprehensively discussed.
Diabetes, a Contemporary Risk for Parkinson’s Disease: Epidemiological and Cellular Evidences
- Biology, MedicineFront. Aging Neurosci.
- 2019
The epidemiological as well as the molecular and cellular clues supporting the potential susceptibility of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons to hyperglycemia are examined.
The Effect of Type-2 Diabetes on Cognitive Status and the Role of Anti-diabetes Medications
- Biology, MedicineCureus
- 2021
Type-2 diabetes mellitus can be used on the pharmaceutical level by the promising implication of antidiabetics as a treatment of dementia and Alzheimer's disease or at least to limit its progression.
Plasma Adipsin as a Biomarker and Its Implication in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Biology, MedicineDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy
- 2020
According to different experimental and clinical studies, plasma Adipsin concentrations are low in animals and patients with DM which support its use as a biomarker in combination to the other diagnostic modalities for DM.
A Review on Recent Advances of Diagnosis and Monitoring of Different Kinds of Diabetes Mellitus
- Medicine
- 2021
These audits of essay aims to element the origins of Type 1and Type 2 Diabetes and also investigate novel procedure in the examination and monitoring of patients, within the area from conventional blood glucose levels and glycosylated in the level of hemoglobin to genetic markers, hormone levels and autoimmune antibody levels.
Analysis of the Relationship between Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review
- Biology, MedicineParkinson's disease
- 2019
The available evidence on the interaction between T2DM and PD justifies more robust clinical trials exploring this interaction especially the clinical management of patients with both conditions.
Clinical Role of Serum miR107 in Type 2 Diabetes and Related Risk Factors
- Medicine, BiologyBiomolecules
- 2022
MiR-107 expression is higher among diabetic patients than that of nondiabetic control subjects and is related to insulin resistance in the diabetic group, and in general, higher miR- 107 expression levels are related to a higher BMI, older age, and the male gender.
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 95 REFERENCES
Role of glucose and insulin resistance in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus: results of a 25-year follow-up study
- MedicineThe Lancet
- 1992
Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Medicine, Biology
- 2015
The progressive decline in insulin secretion, decrease of the pancreatic βcell mass and function and the presence of IR will contribute in changing the state of the dysgly‐ cemia from normal to, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and end with overt diabetes.
β‐Cell failure in type 2 diabetes
- Medicine, BiologyJournal of diabetes investigation
- 2011
It is believed type’2 diabetes develops on the basis of normal but ‘weak’ β‐cells unable to cope with excessive functional demands imposed by overnutrition and insulin resistance, and animal models of diabetes show β‐cell apoptosis with prolonged hyperglycemia/hyperlipemia (glucolipotoxicity).
Diabetes mellitus: Its differentiation into insulin‐sensitive and insulin‐insensitive types *
- MedicineDiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association
- 2011
In previous publications it has been shown that the efficiency with which insulin acts in the body is governed by an unknown factor or condition which renders the body sensitive both to injected and pancreatic insulin, and it was suggested that a type of diabetes mellitus might exist which was due, not to lack of insulin, but rather to loss of this sensitising factor.
Insulin Resistance as a Physiological Defense Against Metabolic Stress: Implications for the Management of Subsets of Type 2 Diabetes
- Medicine, BiologyDiabetes
- 2015
This work proposes that IR, particularly in this high-risk subgroup of patients with T2D who are overweight or obese with insulin resistance (IR), is a defense mechanism that protects critical tissues of the cardiovascular system from nutrient-induced injury and overriding IR in an effort to lower plasma glucose levels could be harmful.
Trajectories of glycaemia, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion before diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: an analysis from the Whitehall II study
- MedicineThe Lancet
- 2009
Slow glucose removal rate and hyperinsulinemia precede the development of type II diabetes in the offspring of diabetic parents.
- MedicineAnnals of internal medicine
- 1990
In multivariate analysis, low Kg and high serum insulin levels independently increased the risk for developing diabetes among the offspring of diabetic parents, suggesting that the primary defect is in peripheral tissue response to insulin and glucose, not in the pancreatic beta cell.
Clinical review: Type 1 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: one end of the rainbow.
- Medicine, BiologyThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
- 2006
Evidence is presented that LADA represents one end of a rainbow encompassing type 1 diabetes, andLimiting loss of endogenous insulin secretion using immunomodulation could be valuable, not only for LADA but also for type 1 Diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes as a disease of ectopic fat?
- MedicineBMC Medicine
- 2014
Obesity is the major risk factor for T2DM and appears to drive tissue insulin resistance in part via gain of ectopic fat, with the best-studied organ being the liver, but ectopicfat in the pancreas may contribute to β-cell dysfunction.