Parkinson's disease: genetics and pathogenesis.

@article{Shulman2011ParkinsonsDG,
  title={Parkinson's disease: genetics and pathogenesis.},
  author={Joshua M. Shulman and Philip L. De Jager and Mel B. Feany},
  journal={Annual review of pathology},
  year={2011},
  volume={6},
  pages={
          193-222
        }
}
Recent investigation into the mechanisms of Parkinson's disease (PD) has generated remarkable insight while simultaneously challenging traditional conceptual frameworks. Although the disease remains defined clinically by its cardinal motor manifestations and pathologically by midbrain dopaminergic cell loss in association with Lewy bodies, it is now recognized that PD has substantially more widespread impact, causing a host of nonmotor symptoms and associated pathology in multiple regions… 
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690 Citations

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The interplay between genetic predispositions and midbrain neuronal impairments in people living with PD is discussed and the understanding of robust cellular phenotypes across genetic cohorts of Parkinson’s patients may guide future personalized drug screens in preclinical research.
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This study suggests that mutations in the ORF of the screened genes are not a common cause of PD in Saudi population; however, these findings by no means exclude the possibility that other genetic events such as gene expression/dosage alteration may be more common nor does it eliminate the possibility of the involvement of novel genes.
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Recent research on FBXO7 is highlighted, which advances the knowledge of the etiopathological pathways and fills unexpected gaps therein, justifying the dedicated study of rare variants of PD.
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References

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Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Models
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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Mutations in the gene LRRK2 encoding dardarin (PARK8) cause familial Parkinson's disease: clinical, pathological, olfactory and functional imaging and genetic data.
TLDR
The data suggest that parkinsonism caused by mutations in LRRK2 is likely to represent the commonest locus for autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease with a phenotype, pathology and in vivo imaging similar to idiopathic, late-onset Parkinson’s disease.
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