Paraneoplastic neurological degenerations: keys to tumour immunity

@article{Albert2004ParaneoplasticND,
  title={Paraneoplastic neurological degenerations: keys to tumour immunity},
  author={Matthew L. Albert and Robert B. Darnell},
  journal={Nature Reviews Cancer},
  year={2004},
  volume={4},
  pages={36-44}
}
Paraneoplastic neurological degenerations (PNDs) are neurological disorders that develop in patients with cancer. PNDs are triggered by an effective antitumour immune response against neuronal antigens that are expressed in cancer cells, which subsequently develops into autoimmune neurodegenerative disease. Studying patients with PND has offered the opportunity to gain unique insights into mechanisms of tumour immunity and has provided the potential to apply this knowledge to patients with… 
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169 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
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Background Citations
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Methods Citations
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169 Citations

Paraneoplastic syndromes affecting the nervous system.

This work reviews the currently known paraneoplastic neurologic disorders and their pathogenesis and established a model whereby the cancer is believed to initiate the syndrome by expressing a protein antigen normally expressed in the nervous system, leading to anti-tumor immune response followed by autoimmune neurologic symptoms.

Paraneoplastic neurological disorders

A case of follicular lymphoma associated with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration.

Cerebellar ataxia was reported which turned out to be paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, a subtype of PND that develops Cerebellar symptoms, that was caused by follicular lymphoma.

Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes

The link between PNS emergence and antitumor responses may result from more active CTLs and less functional Treg lymphocytes, which often coincide with a less aggressive course of neoplastic disease.

[Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes].

  • A. StorsteinC. Vedeler
  • Medicine
    Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke
  • 2009
The cornerstone of therapy is treatment of the underlying tumor, but additional immunosuppressive therapy is often administered, and many, but not all patients harbour onconeural antibodies, which are highly useful diagnostic markers for a paraneoplastic etiology.

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration in ovarian carcinoma: case report with review of immune modulation

A 56-year-old woman with stage IIIC serous ovarian carcinoma diagnosed 3 years prior developed progressive limb ataxia, and serum anti-Yo antibodies were positive, confirming the diagnosis of PCD.

Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes

The effect of immunotherapy in patients with PNS associated with antibodies against the intracellular onconeural antigens is disappointing, and these patients benefit most from early detection and treatment of the underlying tumour.

Case Report: Innate Immune System Challenge Unleashes Paraneoplastic Neurological Autoimmunity

It is hypothesized that a tumor-initiated autoimmune response (evidenced by autoantibody profiles), pre-dating the immune system challenge, was unmasked or amplified in these patients by cytokines released systemically from innate immune cells activated by microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes associated with ovarian tumors

Interestingly, neoplasms associated with PNS are less advanced and metastasize less commonly than those without PNS, suggesting that PNS may be associated with a naturally occurring antitumor response.

Onconeural antibodies as a tool in the diagnosis of malignant tumors and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes

The onconeural antibodies detected in the blood sera of patients with PNS not only are key markers in the diagnosis of PNS and the tumors associated with them but also possess a substantial potential for the serologic diagnosis and prognosis of cancer as a whole.
...

References

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