Paralemniscal TIP39 is induced in rat dams and may participate in maternal functions

@article{Varga2011ParalemniscalTI,
  title={Paralemniscal TIP39 is induced in rat dams and may participate in maternal functions},
  author={Tam{\'a}s Varga and Bence Mogyor{\'o}di and Attila G Bago and Melinda Cserven{\'a}k and Dominika Domokos and {\'E}va Renner and Katalin Gallatz and Ted B Usdin and Mikl{\'o}s Palkovits and {\'A}rp{\'a}d Dobolyi},
  journal={Brain Structure and Function},
  year={2011},
  volume={217},
  pages={323 - 335}
}
The paralemniscal area, situated between the pontine reticular formation and the lateral lemniscus in the pontomesencephalic tegmentum contains some tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39)-expressing neurons. In the present study, we measured a 4 times increase in the level of TIP39 mRNA in the paralemniscal area of lactating mothers as opposed to nulliparous females and mothers deprived of pups using real-time RT-PCR. In situ hybridization histochemistry and immunolabeling… 
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A Thalamo-Hypothalamic Pathway That Activates Oxytocin Neurons in Social Contexts in Female Rats

Neurons in the posterior intralaminar complex of the thalamus (PIL), which contain tuberoinfundibular peptide 39 (TIP39) and are activated by pup exposure in lactating mothers, provide a candidate projection that contributes to the activation of oxytocin neurons in social contexts.

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Results suggest that nNOS may play an active role in both peripheral and central processing of nociceptive information following orofacial inflammatory pain induction, and the regulatory effect of melatonin on nN OS in inflammatory pain may have potential implications for the development of novel analgesic strategies.

Behavioural actions of tuberoinfundibular peptide 39 (parathyroid hormone 2)

This peptide neuromodulator system has been extensively investigated over the past 20 years including its behavioural actions, such as its role in the control of nociception, fear and fear incubation, anxiety and depression‐like behaviours, and maternal and social behaviours.

Neuroendocrine regulation of lactation and milk production.

The reduction in secretion of the adipocyte hormone, leptin, a hallmark of negative energy balance, may be an important endocrine signal to hypothalamic systems that integrate lactation-associated food intake with neuroendocrine systems.

Molecular insights into differentiated ligand recognition of the human parathyroid hormone receptor 2

The structure of PTH2R bound to its endogenous ligand, tuberoinfundibular peptide (TIP39), and a heterotrimeric Gs protein reveals that TIP39 adopts a unique loop conformation at the N terminus and deeply inserts into the orthosteric ligand-binding pocket in the transmembrane domain, which provides structural insights into ligand specificity and receptor activation of class B1 GPCRs.

Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 amino acids

References

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