Palaeontological evidence for an Oligocene divergence between Old World monkeys and apes

@article{Stevens2013PalaeontologicalEF,
  title={Palaeontological evidence for an Oligocene divergence between Old World monkeys and apes},
  author={Nancy J. Stevens and Erik R. Seiffert and Patrick M. O’Connor and Eric M. Roberts and Mark D. Schmitz and Cornelia Krause and Eric Gorscak and Sifa Ngasala and Tobin L Hieronymus and Joseph Temu},
  journal={Nature},
  year={2013},
  volume={497},
  pages={611-614}
}
Apes and Old World monkeys are prominent components of modern African and Asian ecosystems, yet the earliest phases of their evolutionary history have remained largely undocumented. The absence of crown catarrhine fossils older than ∼20 million years (Myr) has stood in stark contrast to molecular divergence estimates of ∼25–30 Myr for the split between Cercopithecoidea (Old World monkeys) and Hominoidea (apes), implying long ghost lineages for both clades. Here we describe the oldest known… 
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153 Citations

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Primitive Catarrhines and Fossil Apes
Primitive Old World monkey from the earliest Miocene of Kenya and the evolution of cercopithecoid bilophodonty
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The simple dentition and absence of bilophodonty in the Nakwai monkey indicate that the initial radiation of Old World monkeys was first characterized by a reorganization of basic molar morphology, and a reliance on cusps rather than lophs suggests frugivorous diets and perhaps hard object feeding.
The radiation of macaques out of Africa: Evidence from mitogenome divergence times and the fossil record.
A new species of Simiolus from the middle Miocene of the Tugen Hills, Kenya.
Reconstruction of the Early Miocene Critical Zone at Loperot, Southwestern Turkana, Kenya
The Hominoidea (apes and, eventually, humans) and Cercopithecoidea (Old World monkeys) diverged from a common ancestor during the late Oligocene (~25 Ma) in East Africa. Subsequently, both catarrhine…
Evolution: Skull secrets of an ancient ape
TLDR
The skull of an infant ape recovered from Kenya is assigned to a new species in the genus Nyanzapithecus and the evidence shows that, although the creature shares some similarities with gibbons, these resemblances are very likely convergence and the new species is a close relative of the common ancestor of extant apes.
A window into ape evolution
TLDR
A Miocene fossil from Catalonia, Spain, is described that may bridge the gap between earlier small-bodied African apelike primates and living gibbons and help to explain gibbon evolution.
Phylogenetic analysis of Middle-Late Miocene apes
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