PRENATAL BRAIN DAMAGE AND PLACENTAL INFARCTION –AN AUTOPSY STUDY

@article{Burke1995PRENATALBD,
  title={PRENATAL BRAIN DAMAGE AND PLACENTAL INFARCTION –AN AUTOPSY STUDY},
  author={Christopher J. Burke and Anthony E. G. Tannenberg},
  journal={Developmental Medicine \& Child Neurology},
  year={1995},
  volume={37}
}
The histopathological abnormalities seen at autopsy in the brains and corresponding placentas of a consecutive four‐year series of stillborn infants are presented. After excluding stillbirths with major cerebral malformations, the brains of 175 cases and the corresponding placentas in 165 cases were available for assessment. 70 of the 175 brains (40 per cent) showed microscopic evidence of ischaemie cerebral injury, using a combination of haematoxylin‐eosin and glial fibrillary acid protein… 
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It was concluded that in the group of growth‐retarded fetuses studied, there was a high.
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A variety of abnormalities are found in the brains of stillborns, the most common including cerebral white matter necrosis (periventricular leukomalacia) or gliosis, germinal matrix or intraventricular hemorrhage, cerebral infarcts, pontosubicular necrosis, and spinal cord or brainstem necrosis.
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TLDR
Key concepts for an understanding of the role of placental pathology are the "sentinel lesion," the high prevalence of thromboinflammatory lesions affecting large fetal placental vessels, the significance of underlying placental reserve, and the realization that placental findings can serve as markers for processes occurring in the mother or fetus.
Antenatal brain injury in third trimester neonates with severe congenital anomalies: an autopsy study
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Severely abnormal cord blood analysis results correlate significantly with neuronal necrosis and show a trend toward white matter injury; however, the absence of these abnormal results does not preclude the presence of brain injury.
Placental lesions associated with cerebral palsy and neurologic impairment following term birth.
TLDR
Placentas from infants with NI can contribute to an understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to NI at term, and logistic regression findings suggest that placental pathology can help understand these mechanisms.
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  • Medicine
    The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
  • 2014
TLDR
Findings indicate brain injury predated the time period immediately before delivery in 9 of 10 fetuses, and in the fetuses with established brain injury the onset of acute illness was possibly >72 h before delivery.
Placental fetal thrombotic vasculopathy is associated with neonatal encephalopathy.
TLDR
The absence of significant clinical antenatal factors supports the value of placental examination in the investigation of infants with NE, and features of infection, thrombosis, and disturbed uteroplacental flow are significant independent factors in the etiology of NE in this study.
Correlation of Placental Pathology with Perinatal Brain Injury.
TLDR
Findings in the placenta can play an important role in documenting sentinel events, uncovering clinically silent thromboinflammatory disease processes, revealing developmental alterations in functional reserve, and suggesting alterations in related maternal and fetal physiology.
Fetal Central Nervous System Injury in Third Trimester Stillbirth: A Clinicopathologic Study of 63 Cases
TLDR
Brain injury, most frequently established gray matter damage, is seen in the majority of stillborn infants with unexplained demise, indicating that the brain injury predates the period immediately before death.
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