PKA-R1 spatially restricts Oskar expression for Drosophila embryonic patterning

@inproceedings{Yoshida2004PKAR1SR,
  title={PKA-R1 spatially restricts Oskar expression for Drosophila embryonic patterning},
  author={Shoko Yoshida and H-Arno J M{\"u}ller and Andreas Wodarz and Anne Ephrussi},
  booktitle={Development},
  year={2004}
}
Targeting proteins to specific domains within the cell is central to the generation of polarity, which underlies many processes including cell fate specification and pattern formation during development. The anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes of the Drosophila melanogaster embryo are determined by the activities of localized maternal gene products. At the posterior pole of the oocyte, Oskar directs the assembly of the pole plasm, and is thus responsible for formation of abdomen and germline… 
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The actin-binding protein Lasp promotes Oskar accumulation at the posterior pole of the Drosophila embryo
TLDR
It is shown that the Drosophila homolog of mammalian Lasp1 protein, an actin-binding protein previously implicated in cell migration in vertebrate cell culture, contributes to the accumulation of Oskar protein at the posterior pole of the embryo.
The RNA-binding protein Squid is required for the establishment of anteroposterior polarity in the Drosophila oocyte
TLDR
It is reported that Sqd is also essential for anteroposterior (AP) axis formation during Drosophila oogenesis, indicating a specific role in the determination of MT polarity within the germline.
Region-Specific Activation of oskar mRNA Translation by Inhibition of Bruno-Mediated Repression
TLDR
New insight is provided into the question of how localized mRNAs become translationally active, showing that repression of osk mRNA is locally inactivated by a mechanism acting independent of mRNA localization, and that dimerization may constrain, not promote, repression.
Acquisition of Oocyte Polarity.
TLDR
This review aims to examine recent literature and key players in oocyte polarity by examining the formation of the animal-vegetal axis, an early marker of polarity, and animal models that have contributed to understanding of these early processes controlling normal oogenesis and embryo development.
Drosophila PTB promotes formation of high-order RNP particles and represses oskar translation.
TLDR
PTB is a key structural component of oskar RNP complexes that dually controls formation of high-order RNP particles and translational silencing in vivo and is necessary for translational repression of the localizing mRNA.
POPK-1/Sad-1 kinase is required for the proper translocation of maternal mRNAs and putative germ plasm at the posterior pole of the ascidian embryo
TLDR
The results suggest that Hr-POPK-1 plays roles in concentration and positioning of the cER, as well as in the concentration of CAB materials, such as putative germ plasm, in the posterior blastomeres.
Histone acetyltransferase Enok regulates oocyte polarization by promoting expression of the actin nucleation factor spire.
TLDR
It is demonstrated that the Drosophila KAT6 Enok acetylates histone H3 Lys 23 (H3K23) in vitro and in vivo and that Gal4-driven expression of spir in the germline can largely rescue the defective Osk localization in enok mutant ovaries.
Liquid-to-solid phase transition of oskar RNP granules is essential for their function in the Drosophila germline
TLDR
It is confirmed in vitro that oskar granules undergo a liquid-to-solid phase transition and reflects how physiological phase transitions shape RNA-protein condensates to regulate localization and expression of a maternal RNA that instructs germline formation.
GAL4/UAS targeted gene expression for studying Drosophila Hedgehog signaling.
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In this chapter, the basic GAL4/UAS system and its extensions, namely those allowing precise temporal control and reversible expression, are described and a list of GAL 4 and UAS lines and schematic mapped vectors useful in the study of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is given.
Sequential Phosphorylation of Smoothened Transduces Graded Hedgehog Signaling
TLDR
A sequential phosphorylation model is proposed in which precise interpretation of morphogen concentration can be achieved upon versatile phosphatase-mediated regulation of the phosphorylated status of an essential activator in developmental signaling.
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