Oxidative stress: oxidants and antioxidants

@article{Sies1997OxidativeSO,
  title={Oxidative stress: oxidants and antioxidants},
  author={Helmut Sies},
  journal={Experimental Physiology},
  year={1997},
  volume={82}
}
  • H. Sies
  • Published 1 March 1997
  • Biology
  • Experimental Physiology
An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favour of the oxidants, potentially leading to damage, is termed ‘oxidative stress’. Oxidants are formed as a normal product of aerobic metabolism but can be produced at elevated rates under pathophysiological conditions. Antioxidant defense involves several strategies, both enzymatic and non‐enzymatic. In the lipid phase, tocopherols and carotenes as well as oxy‐carotenoids are of interest, as are vitamin A and ubiquinols. In the aqueous phase… 
View on Wiley
physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com
4,338 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
144
Background Citations
1,786
Methods Citations
41
Results Citations
8

4,338 Citations

Olive Oil Components on Oxidative Stress and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism
[The two faces of reactive oxygen species].
Oxidative stress has been implicated in playing a crucial role in aging and in the pathogeneses of a number of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Oxidative…
Strategies of Antioxidant Defense: Relations to Oxidative Stress
Oxidants and antioxidants have attracted widespread interest in diverse scientific disciplines, ranging from free radical chemistry to biochemistry, nutrition research, biology and medicine. Life on…
Oxidative stress mitigation by antioxidants - An overview on their chemistry and influences on health status.
Reductive Stress in Inflammation-Associated Diseases and the Pro-Oxidant Effect of Antioxidant Agents
TLDR
The diseases in which an inflammatory condition is associated to RS, and where delayed folding, disordered transport, failed oxidation, and aggregation are found are described.
Reactive carbonyls and oxidative stress: potential for therapeutic intervention.
  • E. Ellis
  • Chemistry, Biology
    Pharmacology & therapeutics
  • 2007
Exercise-associated oxidative stress
TLDR
The evidence for oxidative stress following exercise and the effects of exercise on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in a number of species including the horse are reviewed.
Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant and Cancer
TLDR
In vitro and in vivo data suggested that antioxidants inhibit the growth of tumor cells, however, clinical studies did not prove these benefits, neither carcinogenesis prevention nor efficacy of cancer treatments.
Liposomal Antioxidants for Protection against Oxidant-Induced Damage
TLDR
Liposomes are biocompatible, biodegradable, and nontoxic artificial phospholipid vesicles that offer the possibility of carrying hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and amphiphilic molecules.
Pulmonary Infections—Oxidant Injury and Role of Antioxidants
TLDR
The search is on for effective antioxidant-based therapeutics with appreciable bioavailability and potency and not only synthetic preparations but natural products are also being tested as valuable antioxidants.
...
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 17 REFERENCES
Strategies of antioxidant defense.
  • H. Sies
  • Biology
    European journal of biochemistry
  • 1993
Strategies of Antioxidant Defense: Relations to Oxidative Stress
Oxidants and antioxidants have attracted widespread interest in diverse scientific disciplines, ranging from free radical chemistry to biochemistry, nutrition research, biology and medicine. Life on…
Free radicals in toxicology: redox cycling and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase.
Free radicals in biology and medicine
1. Oxygen is a toxic gas - an introductionto oxygen toxicity and reactive species 2. The chemistry of free radicals and related 'reactive species' 3. Antioxidant defences Endogenous and Diet Derived…
Protein S-thiolation and dethiolation.
Protein S-thiolation and regulation of microsomal glutathione transferase activity by the glutathione redox couple.
TLDR
It is suggested that under oxidative stress the microsomal GST in the cell can be activated through direct hydroperoxide-mediated S-thiolation of the enzyme with GSH, its reversal occurring via a thiol exchange-mediated dethiolation imposed by the intracellular glutathione redox state.
Vitamin E in humans: demand and delivery.
TLDR
The use of supplemental vitamin E in chronic diseases such as ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, cataracts, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's disease, and impared immune function, as well as in subjects receiving total parenterol nutrition is discussed.
Attenuation of oxidation and nitration reactions of peroxynitrite by selenomethionine, selenocystine and ebselen.
TLDR
The selenocompounds protected dihydrorhodamine 123 from oxidation and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate from nitration more effectively than their sulphur analogues, and Sodium selenite exhibited no effect.
The content of glutathione and glutathione S-transferases and the glutathione peroxidase activity in rat liver nuclei determined by a non-aqueous technique of cell fractionation.
TLDR
This paper describes a small-scale preparation of a nuclear fraction from rat liver by a non-aqueous technique, designed to retain nuclear water-soluble molecules in situ, since low-molecular-mass compounds can diffuse freely into other compartments during aqueous separation.
The reaction of ebselen with peroxynitrite.
TLDR
This novel reaction constitutes a potential cellular defense line against peroxynitrite, one of the important reactive species in inflammatory processes and reduction of the selenoxide in cells to regenerate ebselen would allow for a sustained defense againstperoxynite.
...
...