• DOI:10.1200/JCO.2007.15.4377
• Corpus ID: 21276911

One hundred years after "carcinoid": epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumors in 35,825 cases in the United States.

@article{Yao2008OneHY,
  title={One hundred years after "carcinoid": epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumors in 35,825 cases in the United States.},
  author={James C Yao and Manal M. Hassan and Alexandria T. Phan and Cecile G. Dagohoy and Colleen Leary and Jeannette E. Mares and Eddie K. Abdalla and Jason B. Fleming and Jean-Nicolas Vauthey and Asif Rashid and Douglas B. Evans},
  journal={Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology},
  year={2008},
  volume={26 18},
  pages={
          3063-72
        }
}

• James C Yao, M. Hassan, +8 authors Douglas B. Evans
• Published 20 June 2008
• Medicine
• Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

PURPOSE Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are considered rare tumors and can produce a variety of hormones. In this study, we examined the epidemiology of and prognostic factors for NETs, because a thorough examination of neither had previously been performed. METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program registries were searched to identify NET cases from 1973 to 2004. Associated population data were used for incidence and prevalence analyses. Results We identified 35,618 patients with NETs. We observed a significant increase in the reported annual age-adjusted incidence of NETs from 1973 (1.09/100,000) to 2004 (5.25/100,000). Using the SEER 9 registry data, we estimated the 29-year limited-duration prevalence of NETs on January 1, 2004, to be 9,263. Also, the estimated 29-year limited-duration prevalence in the United States on that date was 103,312 cases (35/100,000). The most common primary tumor site varied by race, with the lung being the most common in white patients, and the rectum being the most common in Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and African American patients. Additionally, survival duration varied by histologic grade. In multivariate analysis of patients with well-differentiated to moderately differentiated NETs, disease stage, primary tumor site, histologic grade, sex, race, age, and year of diagnosis were predictors of outcome (P < .001). CONCLUSION We observed increased reported incidence of NETs and increased survival durations over time, suggesting that NETs are more prevalent than previously reported. Clinicians need to be become familiar with the natural history and patterns of disease progression, which are characteristic of these tumors.