On the Gravitization of Quantum Mechanics 1: Quantum State Reduction
@article{Penrose2014OnTG, title={On the Gravitization of Quantum Mechanics 1: Quantum State Reduction}, author={Roger Penrose}, journal={Foundations of Physics}, year={2014}, volume={44}, pages={557-575} }
This paper argues that the case for “gravitizing” quantum theory is at least as strong as that for quantizing gravity. Accordingly, the principles of general relativity must influence, and actually change, the very formalism of quantum mechanics. Most particularly, an “Einsteinian”, rather than a “Newtonian” treatment of the gravitational field should be adopted, in a quantum system, in order that the principle of equivalence be fully respected. This leads to an expectation that quantum…
172 Citations
Gravitational effects in quantum mechanics
- Physics
- 2016
To date, both quantum theory and Einstein’s theory of general relativity have passed every experimental test in their respective regimes. Nevertheless, almost since their inception, there has been…
Relativization, making quantum field theory compatible with general relativity then testing the resulting models.
- Physics
- 2019
Relativization is a new approach to unification of general relativity with quantum theory. This involves treating the Einstein equivalence principle as a fundamental axiom of algebraic quantum field…
Fully Classical Quantum Gravity
- Physics
- 2017
It’s an experimental fact that quantum objects in the ground state do not radiate electromagnetic energy, but what are the limits on our knowledge of the gravitational equivalent of this? In…
Gravitational effects in macroscopic quantum systems: a first-principles analysis
- PhysicsClassical and Quantum Gravity
- 2021
We analyze the weak-field limit of general relativity with matter and its possible quantisations. This analysis aims toward a predictive quantum theory to provide a first-principles description of…
Stochastic Gravity and Ontological Quantum Mechanics
- Physics
- 2018
Some physicists surmise that gravity lies outside of quantum mechanics. Thus theories like the standard semiclassical theory of quantum to gravity coupling (that of Rosenfeld and Møller) are possible…
Exploring the unification of quantum theory and general relativity with a Bose–Einstein condensate
- PhysicsNew Journal of Physics
- 2019
Despite almost a century’s worth of study, it is still unclear how general relativity (GR) and quantum theory (QT) should be unified into a consistent theory. The conventional approach is to retain…
Newtonian self-gravity in trapped quantum systems and experimental tests
- Physics
- 2017
No experimental evidence exists, to date, whether or not the gravitational field must be quantised. Theoretical arguments in favour of quantisation are inconclusive. The most straightforward…
Towards an Objective Physics of Bell Nonlocality: Palatial Twistor Theory
- Physics
- 2016
Abstract In 1964, John Stewart Bell famously demonstrated that the laws of standard quantum mechanics demand a physical world that cannot be described entirely according to local laws. The present…
Gravitational reduction of the wave function based on Bohmian quantum potential
- PhysicsInternational Journal of Modern Physics A
- 2018
In objective gravitational reduction of the wave function of a quantum system, the classical limit of the system is obtained in terms of the objective properties of the system. On the other hand, in…
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 20 REFERENCES
On Gravity's role in Quantum State Reduction
- Physics
- 1996
The stability of a quantum superposition of two different stationary mass distributions is examined, where the perturbing effect of each distribution on the space-time structure is taken into…
On the Gravitization of Quantum Mechanics 2: Conformal Cyclic Cosmology
- Physics
- 2014
The 2nd Law of thermodynamics was driven by the Big Bang being extraordinary special, with hugely suppressed gravitational degrees of freedom. This cannot have been simply the result of a…
Quantum Concepts in Space and Time
- Physics, Philosophy
- 1986
Recent developments in quantum theory have focused attention on fundamental questions, in particular on whether it might be necessary to modify quantum mechanics to reconcile quantum gravity and…
Black holes, quantum theory and cosmology
- Physics
- 2009
Some reasons are given for believing that the rules of quantum (field) theory must be changed when general relativity becomes seriously involved. If full quantum mechanical respect is paid to the…
Gravitation and quantum mechanics of macroscopic objects
- Physics
- 1966
SummaryThe problem of the reduction of the wave function in quantum theory is treated from a new standpoint. First, by combining Heisenberg's uncertainty relations with gravitation, quantitative limi…
Quantum spacetime fluctuations and primary state diffusion
- PhysicsProceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- 1995
Non-differentiable fluctuations in spacetime on a Planck scale introduce stochastic terms into the equations for quantum states, resulting in a proposed new foundation for an existing alternative…
Quantum computation, entanglement and state reduction
- PhysicsPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
- 1998
Some general foundational issues of quantum mechanics are considered and are related to aspects of quantum computation. The importance of quantum entanglement and quantum information is discussed and…
Spherically symmetric solutions of the Schrodinger-Newton equations
- Mathematics, Physics
- 1998
As part of a programme in which quantum state reduction is understood as a gravitational phenomenon, we consider the Schrodinger-Newton equations. For a single particle, this is a coupled system…
Notes on black-hole evaporation
- Physics
- 1976
This paper examines various aspects of black-hole evaporation. A two-dimensional model is investigated where it is shown that using fermion-boson cancellation on the stress-energy tensor reduces the…