On the Concept of Face
@article{Ho1976OnTC, title={On the Concept of Face}, author={David Yau-fai Ho}, journal={American Journal of Sociology}, year={1976}, volume={81}, pages={867 - 884} }
The concept of face is clarified and distinguihed from other closely related constructs: authority, standards of behavior, personality, status, dignity, honor, and prestige. The claim to face may rest on the basis of status, whether ascribed or achieved, and on personal or nonpersonal factors; it may also vary according to the group with which a person is interacting. Basic differences are found between the processes involved in gaining versus losing face. While it is not a necessity for one to…
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