Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for cardiovascular diseases: present, past and future

@article{Watanabe2017Omega3PF,
  title={Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for cardiovascular diseases: present, past and future},
  author={Yasuhiro Watanabe and Ichiro Tatsuno},
  journal={Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology},
  year={2017},
  volume={10},
  pages={865 - 873}
}
ABSTRACT Introduction: Large-scale epidemiological studies on Greenlandic, Canadian and Alaskan Eskimos have examined the health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids consumed as part of the diet, and found statistically significant relative reduction in cardiovascular risk in people consuming omega-3 fatty acids. Areas covered: This article reviews studies on omega-3 fatty acids during the last 50 years, and identifies issues relevant to future studies on cardiovascular (CV) risk. Expert commentary… 
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A systematic literature review regarding the association of dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs with stroke in the epidemiological studies and the treatment effects of n -3 PUfAs in the clinical trials was conducted.
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Despite the beneficial effects of EPA/DHA reported in some of the clinical trials, results of many others were inconsistent, and well designed clinical trials in various populations are warranted.
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Diet enrichment with omega-3 is likely to be useful in helping to lower the risk of developing CVD in healthy individuals, but still offers no strong evidence of a tangible benefit on a population level.
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TLDR
Current research indicates that n-3 PUFA bound to polar lipids (PL) such as phospholipids seem to exert differential bioavailability and biological effects upon consumption in contrast to neutral forms of n- 3 PUFA.
OMEGA-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS SUPPLEMENTATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES: DO FORMULATION, DOSAGE, AND BASELINE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK MATTER? AN UPDATED META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS.
Significance of Trans Fatty Acids and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Japanese Men with Coronary Heart Disease
TLDR
It is found that the EPA/AA may be a superior risk marker than DHA/AA in terms of correlation with atherogenic lipid profiles.
Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Modulation of Vascular Tone under Physiological and Pathological Conditions.
Prevention of Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease by n-3 Fatty Acids-Inhibiting Action on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.
  • K. Yamagata
  • Biology, Medicine
    Current pharmaceutical design
  • 2020
TLDR
The effects of DHA and EPA on vascular endothelial cell damage and dysfunction may involve the induction of nitric oxide, in addition to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, to prevent CVDs, like myocardial infarction and stroke.
Protective Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cancer-Related Complications
TLDR
Preclinical evidence reveals that omega-3 PUFAs and their metabolites might modulate pivotal pathways underlying complications secondary to cancer, indicating that this is a promising field of knowledge to be explored.
Supplementation with plant-derived oils rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for lamb production
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