Obesity and the risk of Parkinson's disease.

@article{Chen2004ObesityAT,
  title={Obesity and the risk of Parkinson's disease.},
  author={Honglei Chen and Shumin M. Zhang and Michael A Schwarzschild and Miguel A. Hern{\'a}n and Walter C. Willett and Alberto Ascherio},
  journal={American journal of epidemiology},
  year={2004},
  volume={159 6},
  pages={
          547-55
        }
}
Dopamine is involved in the regulation of food intake, and obese persons have decreased dopamine D2 receptor availability in the striatum. Furthermore, midlife triceps skinfold thickness has been found to be positively associated with the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) among Japanese-American men in Hawaii. The authors prospectively investigated whether obesity was associated with PD risk in two large cohorts of US men and women. They documented 249 cases of PD in men (1986-2000) and 202… 
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Obesity, diabetes, and risk of Parkinson's disease
TLDR
The results do not provide evidence for a relationship between body mass index, weight change, waist circumference, or baseline diabetes and risk of Parkinson's disease.
General and abdominal adiposity and the risk of Parkinson's disease: A prospective cohort study.
Body mass index and the risk of Parkinson disease
TLDR
In both sexes combined, the multivariate-adjusted direct association between BMI and the risk of PD was present both in subjects aged 25 to 49 years and 50 to 59 years, in never smokers and smokers and in participants diagnosed PD before and after 65 years of age.
Obesity may increase the prevalence of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) while PD may reduce obesity index in patients
TLDR
In the treatment of obesity, chronic use of phenetamine, a sympathomimetic agent that acts on the presynaptic vesicles in the lateral hypothalamus, stimulating β2-adrenergic receptors hence increasing the level of Norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin, was reported to reduce PD risk.
Physical activity and the risk of Parkinson disease
TLDR
Either that higher levels of physical activity may lower the risk of Parkinson disease (PD) in men or that men predisposed to PD tend to avoid strenuous physical activity in their early adult years is suggested.
Reduced risk of Parkinson’s disease associated with lower body mass index and heavy leisure-time physical activity
TLDR
The hypothesis that lifestyle factors predict the occurrence of Parkinson’s disease is supported, but more research is needed.
Body mass index and risk of Parkinson's disease: a prospective cohort study.
TLDR
The authors conclude that body mass index is unrelated to Parkinson's disease risk and speculate that the observation of increased risk withBody mass index loss since late adolescence may reflect weight loss due to Parkinson’s disease that preceded clinical diagnosis.
Prospective study of coffee consumption and risk of Parkinson's disease
TLDR
The results support the hypothesis that coffee consumption reduces the risk of Parkinson's disease, but protective effect of coffee may vary by exposure to other factors.
Body Mass Index and Risk of Parkinson’s Disease: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
TLDR
This meta-analysis does not support the notion that higher BMI materially increases PD risk, however, a week positive BMI-PD association that may be masked by confounders still cannot be excluded, and future prospective studies with a good control for potential confounding factors are needed.
Prospective study on the components of metabolic syndrome and the incidence of Parkinson's disease.
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References

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