Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests in the Diagnosis of Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections of the Oropharynx and Rectum in Men Who Have Sex With Men

@article{Schachter2008NucleicAA,
  title={Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests in the Diagnosis of Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections of the Oropharynx and Rectum in Men Who Have Sex With Men},
  author={Julius Schachter and Jeanne Moncada and Sally Liska and Clara Shayevich and Jeffrey D. Klausner},
  journal={Sexually Transmitted Diseases},
  year={2008},
  volume={35},
  pages={637-642}
}
Background: Several nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are US Food and Drug Administration-cleared for detecting urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) infection, but they have not been adequately evaluated for the relatively common oropharyngeal or rectal CT and GC infections in men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: Multiple swabs were collected from the oropharynx and rectum of MSM attending a city sexually transmitted disease clinic. The specimens were… 
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Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis Rectal Infections
TLDR
Rectal swab specimens were tested using culture and commercial NAATs employing transcription-mediated amplification (TMA), strand displacement amplification (SDA), and PCR amplification to determine which methods for the diagnosis of rectal gonococcal and chlamydial infection are optimal.
Effect of Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing on Detection of Extragenital Gonorrhea and Chlamydial Infections in Men Who Have Sex With Men Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic Patients
TLDR
Extragenital testing with NAAT substantially increases the number of infected MSM identified with GC or CT infection and should continue to be promoted.
Urine and extragenital gonococcal and Chlamydia infections in HIV positive young men who have sex with men (YMSM): enhanced detection of rectal Chlamydia when screening with nucleic acid amplified tests versus cultures
Use of Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing for Diagnosis of Anorectal Sexually Transmitted Infections
TLDR
The data suggest that rectal infection is common and that the AC2 is superior to SDA for the detection of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae from rectal swab samples.
Use of Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing for Diagnosis of Extragenital Sexually Transmitted Infections
ABSTRACT Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) is the preferred method to detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but no commercial tests are cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug…
Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in pharyngeal and rectal specimens using the BD Probetec ET system, the Gen-Probe Aptima Combo 2 assay and culture
TLDR
PT and AC2 detected GC and CT with superior sensitivity compared to culture and two nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) in detecting Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in pharyngeal and rectal specimens using a rigorous gold standard.
The challenges of detecting gonorrhoea and chlamydia in rectal and pharyngeal sites: could we, should we, be doing more?
TLDR
A study examining the performance of culture and NAATs for the detection of CT and GC in extragenital sites in a high-prevalence group of MSM concludes that culture facilities may be suboptimal and highlights the problems with using culture as a diagnostic test.
Testing men who have sex with men for urethral infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae is only half the job, and we need the right tools.
TLDR
The CDC, recognizing the superior performance of these tests used on these specimens, has taken an unusual step and recommended the use of NAATs for diagnosis of CT/GC in oropharyngeal and rectal specimens, even though such use has not received FDA clearance.
Anatomic distribution of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium infections in men who have sex with men.
TLDR
The results supports the European findings that the MSM population carries a high burden of STIs and that testing the anorectum and oropharynx will identify a significantly higher percentage of infected patients and reservoirs of STI.
Evaluation of the Versant CT/GC DNA 1.0 Assay (kPCR) for the Detection of Extra-Genital Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections
TLDR
Due to its sensitivity and specificity, the Versant assay represents a good choice for the diagnosis of chlamydial and/or gonococcal infections not only in genito-urinary samples, but also on rectal and pharyngeal swabs.
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TLDR
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