Nonprotein nitrogen is absorbed from the large intestine and increases nitrogen balance in growing pigs fed a valine-limiting diet.

@article{Columbus2014NonproteinNI,
  title={Nonprotein nitrogen is absorbed from the large intestine and increases nitrogen balance in growing pigs fed a valine-limiting diet.},
  author={Daniel A. Columbus and H. Lapierre and John Kyaw Htoo and Cornelis F M de Lange},
  journal={The Journal of nutrition},
  year={2014},
  volume={144 5},
  pages={
          614-20
        }
}
Nitrogen absorption from the large intestine, largely as ammonia and possibly as amino acids (AAs), is generally thought to be of little nutritional value to nonruminant animals and humans. Ammonia-nitrogen absorbed from the large intestine, however, may be recycled into the small intestine as urea and incorporated into microbial AAs, which may then be used by the host. A cecal infusion study was performed to determine the form in which nitrogen is absorbed from the large intestine and the… 
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Nitrogen absorbed from the large intestine increases whole-body nitrogen retention in pigs fed a diet deficient in dispensable amino acid nitrogen.
TLDR
Results indicate that urea nitrogen absorbed from the large intestine is efficiently used for increasing body protein deposition when feeding pigs a diet deficient in DAA nitrogen.
Estimating fermentative amino acid catabolism in the small intestine of growing pigs.
TLDR
Quantifying FAAC in the small intestine of pigs, as well as other non-ruminants and humans, offers a number of challenges but warrants further investigation.
Ammonia Nitrogen Added to Diets Deficient in Dispensable Amino Acid Nitrogen Is Poorly Utilized for Urea Production in Growing Pigs.
TLDR
Dietary ammonia nitrogen is poorly utilized for urea production across splanchnic organs when pigs are fed diets deficient in DAA nitrogen.
Utilization and metabolism of ammonium citrate in growing pigs fed diets deficient in non-essential amino acid-nitrogen
TLDR
The results demonstrate that dietary ammonia is an efficient N source when diets are deficient in NEAA-N, and that the capacity for de novo synthesis of NEAA is not limiting under these circumtances.
Amino Acid Absorption in the Large Intestine of Humans and Porcine Models.
TLDR
The evidence for the assumption that AAs are not absorbed in nutritionally relevant amounts from the large intestine is reviewed by considering the role of the mammalian large intestine in dietary protein and AA digestion and absorption, with particular reference to adult humans.
Characterization of urea transport mechanisms in the intestinal tract of growing pigs.
TLDR
The results of this study suggest that while known urea transporters are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs, they may not play a significant functional role in transepithelial urea transport.
Ileum terminal antibiotic infusion affects jejunal and colonic specific microbial population and immune status in growing pigs
TLDR
Correlation analysis revealed that the change in intestinal microbiota was correlated with alterations of Ig and cytokines, and implicate the potential contribution of hindgut bacteria to immune response in the intestinal mucosa and serum of growing pigs.
Effect of long-term feeding of graded levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and organ health in finishing pigs and DON content in biological samples.
TLDR
Overall, while there was an initial decrease in ADG and ADFI in pigs receiving diets containing > 1 ppm DON, pig performance recovered after a period of time while nutrient utilization continued to be affected after recovery of performance.
Comparison of methodologies used to define the protein quality of human foods and support regulatory claims.
TLDR
The present review discusses advantages and disadvantages of methodologies for determining PQ of food for humans focused on methods that are or could be adopted by regulatory agencies.

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