Nonnutritive swallowing and respiration relationships in preterm lambs.

@article{Reix2004NonnutritiveSA,
  title={Nonnutritive swallowing and respiration relationships in preterm lambs.},
  author={Philippe Reix and Julie Arsenault and Carole Langlois and Theophile Niyonsenga and Jean-Paul Praud},
  journal={Journal of applied physiology},
  year={2004},
  volume={97 4},
  pages={
          1283-90
        }
}
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of the different states of alertness on 1) nonnutritive swallowing (NNS) frequency, 2) the relationship between NNS and the respiratory cycle, and 3) the association of NNS with spontaneous apneas. Recordings of sleep states, diaphragm and laryngeal constrictor electrical activity, nasal flow, electrocardiogram, respiratory inductance plethysmography, and pulse oximetry were obtained from six preterm lambs without sedation. Analysis of 2… 
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Background Citations
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Methods Citations
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Citation Type

Effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia on nonnutritive swallowing in newborn lambs.
TLDR
Whereas hypercapnia increases overall NNS frequency by specifically increasing ie-type NNS, hypoxia has the inverse tendency, which alters NNS-breathing coordination by increasing NNS at the transition from inspiration to expiration.
Effect of nasal continuous or intermittent positive airway pressure on nonnutritive swallowing in the newborn lamb.
TLDR
It is demonstrated that nCPAP inhibits NNS occurrence in newborn lambs, related to the importance of NNS for clearing the upper airways from secretions and gastric content frequently regurgitated in the neonatal period.
Effects of reflux laryngitis on non-nutritive swallowing in newborn lambs
Origins of the inhibiting effects of nasal CPAP on nonnutritive swallowing in newborn lambs.
TLDR
It is suggested that bronchopulmonary receptors are implicated in the inhibiting effects of nasal CPAP of 6 cmH(2)O on NNS in all the authors' experimental conditions, whereas upper airway receptors are only implicated in certain conditions.
Effects of hypercapnia on non-nutritive swallowing in newborn lambs.
TLDR
Results show that hypercapnia increased NNS frequency in all three states of alertness (p < 0.0001 to 0.03), through a specific increase in ie-type NNS.
C-fiber blockade influence on non-nutritive swallowing in full-term lambs
Postnatal maturation of laryngeal chemoreflexes in the preterm lamb.
TLDR
Laryngeal stimulation by liquids triggers potentially dangerous LCR in preterm lambs on D7, but not on D14, and it is proposed that maturation of the LCR between D7 and D14 is partly involved in the disappearance of apneas/bradycardias of prematurity with postnatal age.
Coordination déglutitions non nutritives-respiration lors d'un stress postnatal chez l'agneau nouveau-né : effets de l'hypoxie/hypercapnie et de la fumée secondaire
TLDR
NNS-breathing coordination seems to be hardwired from birth, probably due to its crucial importance to prevent aspiration and apnea prolongation, but few stresses are able to modulate this coordination including Hc and maybe ETS.
Effects of nasal continuous positive-airway pressure on nutritive swallowing in lambs.
TLDR
First and unique insight is provided on the effect of nCPAP on oral feeding, demonstrating its safety in newborn lambs born at term and open the way for further research in preterm lambs to better mimic the problems encountered in neonatology.
Upper airways and neonatal respiration
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References

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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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