Nitric oxide and vascular insulin resistance

@article{Wu2009NitricOA,
  title={Nitric oxide and vascular insulin resistance},
  author={Guoyao Wu and Cynthia Meininger},
  journal={BioFactors},
  year={2009},
  volume={35}
}
Obesity and type‐II diabetes are growing major health issues worldwide. They are the leading risk factors for vascular insulin resistance, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in developed nations. Recent studies have shown that reduced synthesis of nitric oxide (NO; a major vasodilator) from L‐arginine in endothelial cells is a major factor contributing to the impaired action of insulin in the vasculature of obese and diabetic… 
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145 Citations

l-Leucine and NO-mediated cardiovascular function

It is proposed that reducing circulating levels of l-leucine or endothelial GFAT activity may provide a potentially novel strategy for preventing and/or treating cardiovascular disease in obese and diabetic subjects.

Uric acid induces endothelial dysfunction by vascular insulin resistance associated with the impairment of nitric oxide synthesis

Taking together, uric acid induced endothelial dysfunction by contributing to vascular insulin resistance in terms of insulin‐induced NO production, potentially leading to the development of hypertension.

Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide: Implications in diabetes.

Association between insulin resistance and the development of cardiovascular disease

It can be concluded that insulin resistance in the myocardium generates damage by at least three different mechanisms: (1) signal transduction alteration, (2) impaired regulation of substrate metabolism, and (3) altered delivery of substrates to theMyocardium.

Nitric oxide and energy metabolism in mammals

Modulation of NO‐mediated pathways through dietary supplementation with L‐arginine or its precursor L‐citrulline may provide an effective, practical strategy to prevent and treat metabolic syndrome, including obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in mammals, including humans.

Anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of nitrate and nitrite.

Renal endothelial dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy.

Both pharmacological approaches and potential regenerative therapies hold promise for restoration of impaired endothelial cells in diabetic nephropathy.

Regulation of nitric oxide production in health and disease

Future research is needed to expand the understanding of the regulation and adequate measurement of nitric oxide production at the organ level and by the different Nitric oxide synthase isoforms, also in relation to clinical nutrition.

The nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway: Its role in human exercise physiology

There is evidence that the muscle ATP turnover at a fixed work rate is reduced and the mitochondrial P/O ratio is increased following NO3 − supplementation, which offers important insights into the physiological bases for the reduced during exercise.

A Mitochondrial Approach to Cardiovascular Risk and Disease.

Regular physical activity has been shown to improve mitochondrial parameters and myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) and several approaches that act by improving mitochondrial function in the heart, contributing to decrease some of the risk factors associated to CVDs.
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References

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