Nicotinamide and methionine reduce the liver toxic effect of methotrexate.

@article{Krger1999NicotinamideAM,
  title={Nicotinamide and methionine reduce the liver toxic effect of methotrexate.},
  author={Hans Kr{\"o}ger and Annette Hauschild and Manuela Ohde and Karl Bache and Wolf P. Voigt and W Thefeldt and D. Kr{\"u}ger},
  journal={General pharmacology},
  year={1999},
  volume={33 2},
  pages={
          203-6
        }
}
Methotrexate is widely used as a therapeutic agent in different diseases. This therapy is connected with various side effects, including liver toxicity. We have developed a mouse model to demonstrate the toxic effects of methotrexate: mice were given 50 mg/kg acetaminophen, which itself has no effect on the liver. If, additionally, methotrexate is applied, there is an increase in the death rate, as well as in glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT… 
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Effect of Methotrexate on the Liver Enzymes and Lipid Profile in Adult Female Albino Mice
TLDR
The evaluation of the effects of MTX on some liver enzymes and lipid profile was studied and a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) , glutamic pyruric transaminases (GPT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) , total cholesterol and triglyceride (TG), however high density lipoprotein (HDL) showed a significant decrease in mice treated by MTX.
Prevention of methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity by concomitant administration of garlic aqueous extract in rat.
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Pretreatment with garlic significantly improved renal function and increased renal antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced renal oxidative stress and prevented alterations in renal morphology.
Protective Role of Vitamin E on Methotrexate Induced Renal Injury in Rabbits
TLDR
Findings suggest that vitamin E, by improving cellular anti-oxidant defense system, reduction in lipid peroxidation production and tissue damage, appears to have a protective role in the MTX-induced oxidative injury in renal tissue, however, further studies are essential to elucidate the exact mechanisms of MTx-induced renal toxicity, and protective effect of vitamin E.
Protective effect of pentoxyfilline in renal toxicity after methotrexate administration.
TLDR
The increased level of tissue MDA and serum TNF-alpha level together may be suggested that the underlying mechanism is related to direct toxicity of MTX rather than blockage in folate synthesis in kidneys.
Efficiency of combined methotrexate/chloroquine therapy in adjuvant‐induced arthritis
TLDR
It is suggested that combined methotrexate and chloroquine treatment provides more effective anti‐inflammatory protection against adjuvant‐induced arthritis than does MTX alone, reverting the alterations in enzyme activities induced by this inflammatory disease in rats.
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Attenuates Methotrexate Response in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and In Vitro
TLDR
Evidence is provided that NAMPT inhibits the pharmacological activity of MTX and may represent a predictive biomarker of response, as well as a therapeutic target, in the treatment of JIA with MTX.
The activities of purine-catabolizing enzymes and the level of nitric oxide in rat kidneys subjected to methotrexate: Protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester
TLDR
It is revealed that NO, XO and ADA may play an important role in the pathogenesis ofMTX-induced oxidative renal damage and CAPE may have protective potential in this process and it will become a promising drug in the prevention of this undesired side effect of MTX.
Effect of methionine on hepatotoxicity due to co-administration of gentamicin and indomethacin in rats
TLDR
Results revealed that gentamicin may aggravate indomethacin hepatotoxicity, and methionine managed to ameliorate this effect.
Methotrexate-induced renal oxidative stress in rats: the role of a novel antioxidant caffeic acid phenethyl ester
TLDR
Investigation of the role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (Caffeic Ester), a novel antioxidant, on methotrexate-induced renal oxidative stress in rats found that it leads to a reduction in antioxidant enzymatic defense capacity and causes lipid peroxidation in renal tissue.
Methotroxate: A friend or a foe? Review article
TLDR
The structure, mechanism of action, efficacy, application, metabolism and excertion of the methotroxate have been investigated and a newly established method for the early detection is explained.
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