New genomic and fossil data illuminate the origin of enamel

@article{Qu2015NewGA,
  title={New genomic and fossil data illuminate the origin of enamel},
  author={Qingming Qu and T. Haitina and M. Zhu and P. Ahlberg},
  journal={Nature},
  year={2015},
  volume={526},
  pages={108-111}
}
Enamel, the hardest vertebrate tissue, covers the teeth of almost all sarcopterygians (lobe-finned bony fishes and tetrapods) as well as the scales and dermal bones of many fossil lobe-fins. Enamel deposition requires an organic matrix containing the unique enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) amelogenin (AMEL), enamelin (ENAM) and ameloblastin (AMBN). Chondrichthyans (cartilaginous fishes) lack both enamel and EMP genes. Many fossil and a few living non-teleost actinopterygians (ray-finned bony… Expand
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TLDR
The results suggest the ameloblastic expression of the single chondrichthyan SPARC-L gene at the maturation stage reflects the ancestral gnathostome situation, and provide new evidence in favor of the homology of enamel and enameloids in all Gnathostomes. Expand
Enameloid and Enamel
TLDR
Differences in enamel in mammals, reptiles, sarcopterygians, and adult amphibians varies histologically but not biochemically, and differences are correlated with increasing complexity of the secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein family of genes during evolution of the vertebrates. Expand
Immunolocalization of Enamel Matrix Protein-Like Proteins in the Tooth Enameloid of Actinopterygian Bony Fish
Tooth enameloid in bony fish is a well-mineralized tissue resembling enamel in mammals. It was assumed that the dental epithelial cells are deeply involved in the formation of enameloid. However,… Expand
Coevolution of enamel, ganoin, enameloid, and their matrix SCPP genes in osteichthyans
TLDR
It is proposed that hypermineralized tissues in osteichthyans coevolved with matrix SCPP genes, and AMBN and ENAM originated in concert with ancestral enamel, SCPP5 evolved in association with ganoin, andAMEL evolved with true enamel. Expand
Immunolocalization of enamel matrix protein-like proteins in the tooth enameloid of spotted gar, Lepisosteus oculatus, an actinopterygian bony fish
TLDR
The enameloids matrix during the stages of enameloid formation in spotted gar, Lepisosteus oculatus, an actinopterygian, was examined mainly by transmission electron microscopy-based immunohistochemistry using an anti-mammalian amelogenin antibody and antiserum. Expand
Skeletal Mineralization in Association with Type X Collagen Expression Is an Ancestral Feature for Jawed Vertebrates
TLDR
These findings push the origin of Col10a1 gene prior to the divergence of osteichthyans and chondrichthyans, and demonstrate its ancestral association with mineralization of both the odontode skeleton and the endoskeleton. Expand
SCPP Genes and Their Relatives in Gar: Rapid Expansion of Mineralization Genes in Osteichthyans.
TLDR
It appears that many SCPP genes expanded rapidly in stem osteichthyans and in basal actinopterygians, including many newly identified P/Q-rich genes expressed in teeth and/or scales. Expand
A Silurian maxillate placoderm illuminates jaw evolution
TLDR
A second Silurian maxillate placoderm is described that more securely bridges the jawless toothlike plates of placoderms to the development of the jawed condition that ultimately led to the three-boned jaw in ancestors of modern vertebrates. Expand
The stem osteichthyan Andreolepis and the origin of tooth replacement
TLDR
A three-dimensional virtual dissection of the dentition of a 424-million-year-old stem osteichthyan, Andreolepis hedei, is reported, using propagation phase-contrast synchrotron microtomography, with a reconstruction of its growth history. Expand
The developmental relationship between teeth and dermal odontodes in the most primitive bony fish Lophosteus
TLDR
The ontogenetic trajectory of a marginal jawbone of Lophosteus superbus, the phylogenetically most basal stem osteichthyan, visualized by synchrotron microtomography, reveals a developmental relationship between teeth and dermal odontodes that is not evident from the adult morphology. Expand
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