New emerging Plasmodium falciparum genotypes in children during the transition phase from asymptomatic parasitemia to malaria.

@article{Kun2002NewEP,
  title={New emerging Plasmodium falciparum genotypes in children during the transition phase from asymptomatic parasitemia to malaria.},
  author={Jürgen F. J. Kun and Michel Anoumou Missinou and Bertrand Lell and Milena Sovric and Hanna Knoop and Birgit Bojowald and Oliver Dangelmaier and Peter G. Kremsner},
  journal={The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene},
  year={2002},
  volume={66 6},
  pages={
          653-8
        }
}
Semi-immunity against Plasmodium falciparum occurs after many infections. In areas of high malaria transmission, the prevalence of asymptomatic parasite carriers increases with age. We investigated P. falciparum genotypes in a cohort of asymptomatic carriers who were followed until they became symptomatic. Blood spots on filter paper and blood smears were collected daily from 10 children in Lambaréné, Gabon. The parasite genotypes present on successive days were determined by a polymerase chain… 
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No change in parasite genotype during single episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Gabonese children
TLDR
It was found that each patient carried parasites with the same genotypic pattern throughout the infection in malaria patients during the acute phase of the infection.
Relation between Plasmodium falciparum asymptomatic infection and malaria attacks in a cohort of Senegalese children
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A significant association between P. falciparum asymptomatic carriage and the occurrence of MMA at the beginning of the transmission season was demonstrated, with a five-fold increase in the risk of developing a MMA in ACs.
Plasmodium falciparum multiple infections, disease severity and host characteristics in malaria affected travellers returning from Africa.
Malaria : Multiclonal infections and protective immunity
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It is suggested that persistence of antigenically diverse P. falciparum infections is important for protective immunity and that clearance of multiclonal infections might contribute to the rebound in clinical disease observed after IPT was stopped in some studies.
Transmission-dependent tolerance to multiclonal Plasmodium falciparum infection.
TLDR
The different nonlinear associations between the number of clones and malaria morbidity suggest that levels of tolerance to multiclonal infections are transmission dependent as a result of cumulative exposure to antigenically diverse P. falciparum infections.
Uncommon asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections in Gabonese children.
  • M. Missinou, B. Lell, P. Kremsner
  • Medicine
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
  • 2003
TLDR
It is concluded that true asymptomatic cases of P. falciparum infection are uncommon in young children and that single measurements or measurements made at long time intervals will lead to a strong underestimation of the incidence of malaria.
IMMUNITY TO MALARIA: IMPORTANCE OF EXPOSURE AND PARASITE DIVERSITY
TLDR
A single encounter with the parasites can induce immunological memory to P. falciparum antigens that lasts for many years, a finding that argues against the idea that severe malaria develops only after the first encounters with the parasite.
Genetic analysis of circulating and sequestered populations of Plasmodium falciparum in fatal pediatric malaria.
TLDR
Findings support the notion that CM is associated with the emergence of a small number of dominant genotypes in an infected individual, and parasite populations in tissues from patients with CM were less genetically complex, and the genotypes were more homogeneously distributed throughout the body, than in patients with incidental infection.
Molecular evaluation of the natural history of asymptomatic parasitemia in Ugandan children.
TLDR
Asymptomatic parasitemia detected by microscopy, but not by PCR, strongly predicted subsequent clinical malaria, often due to persistent infection.
High Prevalence of Gametocyte Carriage among Individuals with Asymptomatic Malaria: Implications for Sustaining Malaria Control and Elimination Efforts in Ethiopia
TLDR
Age, place of residence, and distance from vector-breeding site were the main predictors of asymptomatic malaria, and the high gametocyte carriage among individuals with asymPTomatic malaria in the study area calls for screening and treatment of asylptomatic carriers to interrupt transmission and enhance malaria elimination efforts.
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