New Pharmacological Agents to Aid Smoking Cessation and Tobacco Harm Reduction: What Has Been Investigated, and What Is in the Pipeline?

@article{Beard2016NewPA,
  title={New Pharmacological Agents to Aid Smoking Cessation and Tobacco Harm Reduction: What Has Been Investigated, and What Is in the Pipeline?},
  author={Emma Beard and Lion Shahab and Damian M. Cummings and Susan Michie and Robert J West},
  journal={CNS Drugs},
  year={2016},
  volume={30},
  pages={951-983}
}
A wide range of support is available to help smokers to quit and to aid attempts at harm reduction, including three first-line smoking cessation medications: nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline and bupropion. [...] Key Method Six ‘ESCUSE’ criteria—relative efficacy, relative safety, relative cost, relative use (overall impact of effective medication use), relative scope (ability to serve new groups of patients) and relative ease of use—are used. Many of these products are in the early stages of clinical…Expand
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Current and Emerging Pharmacotherapies for Cessation of Tobacco Smoking
TLDR
This article reviewed existing and emerging smoking cessation pharmacotherapies, with a special emphasis on the most promising agents that are currently being investigated, including NRT, bupropion, and varenicline.
Novel therapeutic and drug development strategies for tobacco use disorder: endocannabinoid modulation
TLDR
Based on current evidence, CB1 receptor neutral antagonists and fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors demonstrate positive effects in studies assessing several addiction-related factors and suggest they offer the greatest promise as novel cessation and anti-relapse agents.
Tobacco use disorder and treatment: new challenges and opportunities
TLDR
There is still “low-hanging fruit” to be gained in educating on the proper use of nicotine replacement medications, how smoking cessation can change blood levels of specific medications and caffeine, and how to connect with quitlines and mobile technology options.
Current pharmacologic treatments for smoking cessation and new agents undergoing clinical trials
TLDR
A literature review revealed that bupropion may be appropriate for patients interested in reducing smoking who dislike, or who have failed, nicotine-replacement therapy (NRT).
Medicalisation, smoking and e-cigarettes: evidence and implications
TLDR
It is argued that the medicalisation of smoking will have limited impact due to the emphasis on population-based interventions in tobacco control, the ambiguous place of nicotine among other drugs and the modest efficacy of current pharmacotherapies.
The effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of cytisine versus varenicline for smoking cessation in an Australian population: a study protocol for a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial.
TLDR
If cytisine is as effective as varenicline, its lower cost and natural plant-based composition may make it an acceptable and affordable smoking cessation medication that could save millions of lives world-wide.
E-cigarettes in patients with COPD: current perspectives
TLDR
The use of ECs in vulnerable groups and in patients with challenges to abstain or multiple relapses to this habit may be promising, and little is known about health consequences of EC use among COPD smokers and whether their regular use has any effects on subjective and objective COPD outcomes.
Innovative approaches to support smoking cessation for individuals with mental illness and co-occurring substance use disorders
TLDR
This review highlights the epidemiology, contributing factors, and evidence-base for intervening upon tobacco use in those with mental illness and addictive disorders, and summarizes novel, emerging approaches to mitigate the harms of cigarette smoking.
Managing nicotine without smoke to save lives now: Evidence for harm minimization.
TLDR
Saving more lives now is an attainable and pragmatic way to call for alignment of all stakeholders and factions within traditional tobacco control rather than perpetuate the unrealized and unrealizable perfection of nicotine prohibition.
Psychological Aspects of Tobacco Control
TLDR
Interventions which address physiological and behavioural addiction inherent in tobacco product use, create social pressure to stop, or increase the cost of tobacco products are most likely to be effective at encouraging quit attempts.
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TLDR
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