Neural Representations of Visual Words and Objects: A Functional MRI Study on the Modularity of Reading and Object Processing

@article{Borowsky2007NeuralRO,
  title={Neural Representations of Visual Words and Objects: A Functional MRI Study on the Modularity of Reading and Object Processing},
  author={R. Borowsky and C. Esopenko and J. Cummine and G. Sarty},
  journal={Brain Topography},
  year={2007},
  volume={20},
  pages={89-96}
}
There have been several studies supporting the notion of a ventral-dorsal distinction in the primate cortex for visual object processing, whereby the ventral stream specializes in object identification, and the dorsal stream is engaged during object localization and interaction. There is also a growing body of evidence supporting a ventral stream that specializes in lexical (i.e., whole-word) reading, and a dorsal stream that is engaged during sub-lexical reading (i.e., phonetic decoding). Here… Expand
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FMRI of shared-stream priming of lexical identification by object semantics along the ventral visual processing stream
TLDR
The fMRI activation observed in this experiment supports the theory that spatially shared-stream activation occurs in the ventral stream during object (but not action) priming of lexical identification, which is consistent with earlier behavioural research showing that these processes are also temporally shared. Expand
Interactions of reading and semantics along the ventral visual processing stream
ABSTRACT Converging evidence supports a distributed-plus-hub view of semantic processing, in which there are distributed modular semantic sub-systems (e.g., for shape, colour, and action) connected… Expand
Functionally distinct contributions of the anterior and posterior putamen during sublexical and lexical reading
TLDR
It is shown that both the anterior and posterior putamen are involved in articulating speech with greater activation during overt speech production tasks (reading, repetition, object naming, and color naming) than silent one-back-matching on the same stimuli. Expand
Localisation of function for noun and verb reading: Converging evidence for shared processing from fMRI activation and reaction time
Some researchers have argued in favour of verbs primarily activating the left frontal operculum (FO) in the dorsal stream, and left middle temporal (MT) region in the ventral stream, and that nouns… Expand
PREFERENTIAL ACCESS TO OBJECT SEMANTICS VIA LEXICAL PROCESSING IN THE VENTRAL STREAM OF THE BRAIN
TLDR
A commonly used behavioural paradigm for examining semantic processing is the semantic priming paradigm, which demonstrates that the reading of a prime word facilitates the read of a related target word, supporting the theory that word representations connected via semantic memory spread activation to one another. Expand
Where words and space collide: The overlapping neural activation of lexical and sublexical reading with voluntary and reflexive spatial attention
TLDR
Results indicated that Lexical reading had greater overlapping activation in reflexive orienting areas compared to sublexical reading, suggesting that lexical reading may employ more automatic attentional mechanisms, and phonetic decoding may rely more heavily on voluntary attention. Expand
How words and space collide: Lexical and sublexical reading are reliant on separable reflexive and voluntary attention regions in hybrid tasks
TLDR
This study provides the most direct evidence to date that lexical and sublexical reading recruit differential attentional orienting regions during single-word reading in skilled readers. Expand
Spatial and temporal features of superordinate semantic processing studied with fMRI and EEG
TLDR
Electroencephalography and event related potentials with functional magnetic resonance imaging are utilized to characterize subjects' responses as they made superordinate categorical decisions about objects presented as visual pictures or auditory words, revealing that information provided by diverse inputs appears to converge in both time and space during superordinate categorization. Expand
A dual-route perspective on brain activation in response to visual words: Evidence for a length by lexicality interaction in the visual word form area (VWFA)
TLDR
A phonological lexical decision task presented short and long letter strings of words, pseudohomophones, and pseudowords and found that the length effect for words was limited to occipital regions and absent in the VWFA, while a marked lengthEffect for pseudoword was found throughout the ventral visual pathway including theVWFA. Expand
A behavioural and neurobiological investigation of basic reading processes
There are competing theories in the literature regarding the extent to which the translation of print to speech involves single or multiple routes. Regardless of the number of routes in a model, all… Expand
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