Neandertal cold adaptation: Physiological and energetic factors

@article{Steegmann2002NeandertalCA,
  title={Neandertal cold adaptation: Physiological and energetic factors},
  author={A. Theodore Steegmann and Frank J. Cerny and Trenton W. Holliday},
  journal={American Journal of Human Biology},
  year={2002},
  volume={14}
}
European Neandertals employed a complex set of physiological cold defenses, homologous to those seen in contemporary humans and nonhuman primates. While Neandertal morphological patterns, such as foreshortened extremities and low relative surface‐area, may have explained some of the variance in cold resistance, it is suggested the adaptive package was strongly dependent on a rich array of physiological defenses. A summary of the environmental cold conditions in which the Neandertals lived is… 
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