Multiple points of intervention in the prevention of cancer and other mutation-related diseases.

@article{DeFlora2001MultiplePO,
  title={Multiple points of intervention in the prevention of cancer and other mutation-related diseases.},
  author={Silvio De Flora and Alberto Izzotti and Francesco D'Agostini and Roumen M Balansky and Douglas M. Noonan and Adriana Albini},
  journal={Mutation research},
  year={2001},
  volume={480-481},
  pages={
          9-22
        }
}
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120 Citations

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14.20 – Cancer Chemoprevention*
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It is evident that cancer can be prevented not only by avoiding exposure to recognized risk factors, but also, as a complementary approach referred to as chemoprevention, by favouring the intake of protective factors and by fortifying the physiological defences of the host organism.
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TLDR
Strategies for the clinical evaluation of chemopreventive agents have been defined for seven targets--colorectal, prostate, lung, breast, bladder, oral, and cervical cancers and Cohorts have been identified for short-term Phase II trials that investigate the effects of Chemopreventions on IEN and on earlier biomarkers.
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Mechanisms of N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of DNA damage and cancer, with special reference to smoking-related end-points.
TLDR
On the whole, there is overwhelming evidence that NAC has the ability to modulate a variety of DNA damage- and cancer-related end-points, as evaluated in in vitro test systems, experimental animals and clinical trials.
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DNA alterations, including oxidative damage and adduction of reactive molecules of either endogenous or exogenous source, were systematically present in the smooth muscle cells of human atherosclerotic lesions and their intensity was significantly correlated with the occurrence of atherogenic risk factors in the patients studied.
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Modulation of biomarkers by chemopreventive agents in smoke-exposed rats.
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Results provide evidence for the differential ability of test agents to modulate smoke-related biomarkers in the respiratory tract and other body compartments and highlight the potential advantages in combining chemopreventive agents working with distinctive mechanisms.
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TLDR
Possible chemopreventive mechanisms include carcinogen-blocking activities, antioxidant/anti-inflammatory activities and antiproliferation/antiprogression activities, and mechanistic considerations are useful in defining animal efficacy models and in interpreting the results of assays in these models.
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