Molecular Evolution of Arthropod Color Vision Deduced from Multiple Opsin Genes of Jumping Spiders

@article{Koyanagi2008MolecularEO,
  title={Molecular Evolution of Arthropod Color Vision Deduced from Multiple Opsin Genes of Jumping Spiders},
  author={Mitsumasa Koyanagi and Takashi Nagata and Kazutaka Katoh and Shigeki Yamashita and Fumio Tokunaga},
  journal={Journal of Molecular Evolution},
  year={2008},
  volume={66},
  pages={130-137}
}
Among terrestrial animals, only vertebrates and arthropods possess wavelength-discrimination ability, so-called “color vision”. For color vision to exist, multiple opsins which encode visual pigments sensitive to different wavelengths of light are required. While the molecular evolution of opsins in vertebrates has been well investigated, that in arthropods remains to be elucidated. This is mainly due to poor information about the opsin genes of non-insect arthropods. To obtain an overview of… 
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Citation Type

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The present results strongly suggest that the ancestral arthropod of the Chelicerata-Pancrustacea lineages possessed at least four types of opsins, and the ancestors of Pancrustacea and the Insecta-Branchiopoda lineages possess at least five and six types of Opsins, respectively.
Opsin evolution and expression in Arthropod compound Eyes and Ocelli: Insights from the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus
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Investigating visual opsins in the ocelli and compound eyes of the two-spotted cricket Gryllus bimaculatus shows that cricket eyes are spectrally more specialized than has previously been assumed, suggesting that similar adaptations in other insect species might have been overlooked.
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It is concluded that the diversification of visual pigments and color vision evolved in arthropods, along with the evolution of compound eyes-one of the most sophisticated visual systems known.
Uncovering a gene duplication of the photoreceptive protein, opsin, in scallops (Bivalvia: Pectinidae).
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The identification of two highly divergent Gq-opsin genes in scallops is valuable for future functional investigations and provides a foundation for further study of a morphologically and ecologically diverse clade of bivalves that has been understudied with respect to visual ecology and diversification of opsin.
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It is discovered that dragonflies possess as many as 15–33 opsin genes that have evolved through dynamic gene multiplications and losses within the lineage of dragonflies, which plausibly underpin the versatile behavioral and ecological adaptations of actively flying adults to aerial lifestyle and sedentary larvae to aquatic lifestyle.
A butterfly eye's view of birds
  • F. Frentiu, A. Briscoe
  • Biology
    BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology
  • 2008
TLDR
Considering the similarities between the two taxa, it is surprising that the eyes of birds are not more diverse, and additional taxonomic sampling of birds may help clarify this mystery.
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It is speculated that the onychophoran arthropsin might be either a photosensitive molecule playing a role in the circadian clock, or a non-photosensitive protein involved in olfactory pathways, or both.
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The current literature is reviewed, publicly available transcriptomic data is analyzed, and hypotheses about the origins and development of spider eyes are discussed, highlighting that there are many new things to discover from spider eyes, and yet these opportunities are set against a backdrop of deep homology with other arthropod lineages.
Characterisation and localisation of the opsin protein repertoire in the brain and retinas of a spider and an onychophoran
TLDR
The novel finding that opsins of both the ciliary and rhabdomeric type are present in the onychophoran and a spider suggests that these two types of opsins werePresent in the last common ancestor of the OnyChophora and Euarthropoda.
Identification and characterization of a protostome homologue of peropsin from a jumping spider
TLDR
The spider opsin-based pigment heterologously expressed in cultured cells exhibited photoisomerase-like isomerization characteristics and a bistable nature, providing the first demonstration that the peropsin can form a photosensitive pigment in vivo and underlie non-visual function.
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