Molecular Actions of Glucocorticoids in Cartilage and Bone During Health, Disease, and Steroid Therapy.

@article{Hartmann2016MolecularAO,
  title={Molecular Actions of Glucocorticoids in Cartilage and Bone During Health, Disease, and Steroid Therapy.},
  author={Kerstin Hartmann and Mascha Koenen and Sebastian Schauer and Stephanie M. Wittig-Blaich and Mubashir Ahmad and Ulrike Baschant and Jan P Tuckermann},
  journal={Physiological reviews},
  year={2016},
  volume={96 2},
  pages={
          409-47
        }
}
Cartilage and bone are severely affected by glucocorticoids (GCs), steroid hormones that are frequently used to treat inflammatory diseases. Major complications associated with long-term steroid therapy include impairment of cartilaginous bone growth and GC-induced osteoporosis. Particularly in arthritis, GC application can increase joint and bone damage. Contrarily, endogenous GC release supports cartilage and bone integrity. In the last decade, substantial progress in the understanding of the… 
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Distinct Glucocorticoid Receptor Actions in Bone Homeostasis and Bone Diseases

The complexity of GC actions via GR in bone cells at cellular and molecular levels is summarized, including the effect on circadian rhythmicity, and new therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of their adverse effects are outlined.

Leukemia inhibitory factor treatment attenuates the detrimental effects of glucocorticoids on bone in mice.

Induced global deletion of glucocorticoid receptor impairs fracture healing

The data show that the absence of the GR significantly impairs fracture healing associated with a defective cartilage‐to‐bone transition, underscoring an important role of GCs during fracture healing.

Inhibition of Cdk5 Ameliorates Skeletal Bone Loss in Glucocorticoid-Treated Mice

It is demonstrated that Cdk5 inhibition with roscovitine ameliorated GC-mediated bone loss but did not reverse GC-induced compromised fracture healing in mice and reversed prednisolone-induced bone loss in mice.

Glucocorticoid signaling and osteoarthritis

Endogenous Glucocorticoid Signaling in the Regulation of Bone and Marrow Adiposity: Lessons from Metabolism and Cross Talk in Other Tissues

The purpose of this review is to establish and determine the role of GR-mediated signaling in marrow adiposity by comparing and contrasting what is known against other energy-storing tissues to provide better insight into the regulation of MAT during times of metabolic stress.

Glucocorticoids suppress Wnt16 expression in osteoblasts in vitro and in vivo

Wnt16 is identified as a novel target of GC action in GC-induced suppression of bone formation, suggesting that GCs suppress Wnt16 via direct DNA-binding mechanisms.

Update on the Role of Glucocorticoid Signaling in Osteoblasts and Bone Marrow Adipocytes During Aging.

This review provides an update on the current understanding of the role of glucocorticoids in the biology of osteoblasts and bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) and indicates BMAT involvement remains poorly explored in GC-induced osteoporosis and warrants further investigation.

Melatonin: Effects on Cartilage Homeostasis and Therapeutic Prospects in Cartilage-related Diseases

The role of melatonin is reviewed, including its anti-inflammatory effects and effects in protecting cartilage from damage by other factors and promoting chondrocyte growth and the expression of cartilage-related genes, demonstrating the broad prospects in maintaining cartilage homeostasis and treating cartilage injury-related diseases.
...

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