Modelling and fabrication of Geiger mode avalanche photodiodes
@article{Kindt1998ModellingAF, title={Modelling and fabrication of Geiger mode avalanche photodiodes}, author={Willem Johannes Kindt and Henk W. van Zeijl}, journal={IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science}, year={1998}, volume={45}, pages={715-719} }
As a first assessment for the fabrication of Geiger mode avalanche photodiode arrays, single pixel devices have been made. A CMOS compatible technology is used to allow the future integration of pixels in an array with readout electronics. A model for afterpulsing is presented that relates the afterpulsing probability to the concentration and capture cross section of the traps in the depletion layer. The bias voltage and temperature dependence of the dark count rate is explained by a trap…
67 Citations
Dark Count Rate Modeling in Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes
- PhysicsIEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers
- 2020
A model to simulate accurately the Dark Count Rate (DCR) for Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD) in Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology is presented.
Silicon Photomultiplier: Technology Improvement and Performance
- Engineering
- 2013
— Our main results on the study of both single pixels and Silicon Photomultiplier arrays produced by STMicroelectronics in Catania are reviewed. Our data, coupled to an extensive simulation study,…
Monolithic CMOS detector module for photon counting and picosecond timing
- PhysicsProceedings of the 30th European Solid-State Circuits Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX850)
- 2004
A monolithic optoelectronic module for counting and timing single optical photons has been designed and fabricated in CMOS technology. It integrates a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) of 12 /spl…
Potentialities of silicon photomultiplier
- PhysicsPhotonics West - Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- 2014
The Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) is a novel pixelated photon detector able to detect single photon arrival with good timing resolution and high gain. In this work we present a complete study of the…
Modeling and Simulation of PGSPAD-Based Silicon Photomultipliers
- Physics, EngineeringIEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
- 2021
This article presents and develops a novel comprehensive simulation model for perimeter gated single-photon avalanche diode-based silicon photomultipliers (PGSPAD SiPMs). A PGSPAD is a modification…
Simulation of Dark Count in Geiger Mode Avalanche Photodiodes
- Physics
- 2001
Silicon avalanche photodiodes operated above breakdown, in Geiger mode, can be sensitive enough to allow single photon detection. An inherent limit to GMAPD sensitivity is the noise caused by…
Afterpulsing Characteristics of Free-Running and Time-Gated Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes in 130-nm CMOS
- EngineeringIEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
- 2015
The temperature-dependent afterpulsing characteristics of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) fabricated in a standard digital 130-nm CMOS technology are described. Avalanche interarrival time…
Characterization of a CMOS Geiger photodiode pixel
- PhysicsIEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
- 2006
This paper examines the performance of CMOS avalanche photodiode pixels operated in a Geiger mode. The pixels, called Geiger photodiode (GPD) pixels, convert an incident analog photon flux into a…
Dark Current in Silicon Photomultiplier Pixels: Data and Model
- PhysicsIEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
- 2012
The dark current behavior of the pixels forming the Si photomultiplier as a function of the applied overvoltage and operation temperature is studied. The data are modeled by assuming that dark…
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 12 REFERENCES
Trapping phenomena in avalanche photodiodes on nanosecond scale
- PhysicsIEEE Electron Device Letters
- 1991
A technique for measuring the release of minority carriers emitted from deep levels in avalanche photodiodes (APDs) at operating conditions is discussed. The method, time-correlated carrier counting…
Active-Quenching and Gating Circuits for Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs)
- PhysicsIEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
- 1982
Single-photon detection by avalanche photodiodes with uniform breakdown over the junction area (single--photon avalanche diodes SPADs) is well known. The active quenching method, introduced by the…
A new analytical diode model including tunneling and avalanche breakdown
- Physics
- 1992
An analytical model describing reverse and forward DC characteristics is presented. It serves as a basis for a compact model for circuit simulation purposes. The model is based on the solution of the…
Integrated array of avalanche photodiodes for single-photon counting
- Physics27th European Solid-State Device Research Conference
- 1997
A new recombination model for device simulation including tunneling
- Physics
- 1992
A recombination model for device simulation that includes both trap-assisted tunneling (under forward and reverse bias) and band-to-band tunneling (Zener tunneling) is presented. The model is…
Photon-counting arrays for spatially varying low-light-level signals
- PhysicsOptics & Photonics
- 1993
The capability of combining single photon counting with information on the spatial distribution of incoming photons is of great interest to many scientific disciplines such as astronomy and…
Triggering phenomena in avalanche diodes
- Physics
- 1972
The operation of a small area p-n junction diode above the breakdown voltage is analyzed. A new formulation in terms of ionization probability is used to derive the rate of turn-on of current in such…