Mixotrophy among Dinoflagellates 1

@article{Stoecker1999MixotrophyAD,
  title={Mixotrophy among Dinoflagellates 1},
  author={Diane K. Stoecker},
  journal={Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology},
  year={1999},
  volume={46}
}
  • D. Stoecker
  • Published 1 July 1999
  • Environmental Science
  • Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
Mixotrophy, used herein for the combination of phototrophy and phagotrophy, is widespread among dinoflagellates. It occurs among most, perhaps all, of the extant orders, including the Prorocentrales, Dinophysiales. Gymnodiniales, Noctilucales, Gonyaulacales, Peridiniales, Blastodiniales. Phytodiniales, and Dinamoebales. Many cases of mixotrophy among dinoflagellates are probably undocumented. Primarily photosynthetic dinoflagellates with their “own” plastids can often supplement their nutrition… 
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References

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Feeding is influenced by a complex of factors, but the spatial-temporal pattern of ingestion and the experiments both suggest that feeding is primarily a mechanism for obtaining inorganic nutrients rather than a mechanisms for supplementing carbon nutrition.

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Examination of protargol‐stained specimens revealed that Gymnodinium sanguineum, Gyrodinium uncatenum, and Ceratium furca also feed heterotrophically as indicated by the presence of food vacuoles containing partially digested prey.

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