Milk-Alkali Syndrome: A Historical Review and Description of the Modern Version of the Syndrome

@article{Beall2006MilkAlkaliSA,
  title={Milk-Alkali Syndrome: A Historical Review and Description of the Modern Version of the Syndrome},
  author={Douglas P. Beall and Heidi B Henslee and Heather R Webb and Robert Hal Scofield},
  journal={The American Journal of the Medical Sciences},
  year={2006},
  volume={331},
  pages={233-242}
}
Formerly recognized primarily for its historic interest as a disorder found in those taking milk and bicarbonate for peptide ulcer disease, milk-alkali syndrome (MAS) is experiencing a resurgence in its incidence largely due to the increased usage of calcium carbonate. The modern version of MAS affects a different patient population and has a different etiologic basis than was characterized in the original descriptions of the syndrome. Advances in parathyroid hormone measurement have allowed… 
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73 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
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Background Citations
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73 Citations

Milk-alkali syndrome.
Hypercalcemia and acute renal failure in milk-alkali syndrome: a case report.
TLDR
Physicians should have a high index of suspicion for milk-alkali syndrome in patients with hypercalcemia, as it is currently the third most common cause of hyperCalcemia.
No more milk in milk-alkali syndrome: a case report.
This is a case of Milk-AlKali syndrome in a patient who presented with the classical triad of hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis and renal impairment. The source of calcium was over-the-counter…
Calcium-Alkali Syndrome: Historical Review, Pathophysiology and Post-Modern Update
TLDR
The historical context of CAS, pathogenesis, resurgence of the condition with variable presentations, and contemporary management are focused on.
Hypercalcemia and acute renal failure associated with calcium carbonate consumption in a patient with hypoparathyroidism
TLDR
It was recommended that the term ‘milk-alkali syndrome’ should be replaced by theterm ‘calcium-alkalosis’, since the older term no longer reflects the etiologic origin.
Hypercalcemia in Pregnancy: A Case of Milk-Alkali Syndrome
TLDR
A case of a 26-year-old woman in her second trimester of pregnancy who presented with 2 weeks of flank pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, headache, and lightheadedness and resolved with intravenous fluids and a loop diuretic is reported.
A 39 year-old woman with milk-alkali syndrome complicated by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
Milk-alkali syndrome in a rare environment associated with an uncommon feature
TLDR
A rare case of milk-alkali syndrome associated with hyperphosphatemia in an adult male who presented to us after weeks of ingestion of antacids and made full recovery after four weeks is reported.
Another case of milk–alkali syndrome or a learning opportunity?
TLDR
A case of milk–alkali syndrome secondary to concurrent use of over-the-counter calcium carbonate-containing antacid tablets (Rennie®) for dyspepsia and calcium Carbonate with vitamin D3 (Adcal D3) for osteoporosis is presented.
The Calcium-Alkali Syndrome
TLDR
The pathogenesis of the calcium-alkali syndrome is reviewed, as well as the differences between the traditional and modern syndromes, in a 78-year-old woman who presented with weakness, malaise, and confusion.
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References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 134 REFERENCES
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The milk-alkali syndrome is the association of hypercalcaemia and renal failure, with or without alkalosis, in the presence of absorption of excessive quantities of calcium, alkali, or both. Two…
Hypercalcemia and alkalosis due to the milk-alkali syndrome: a case report and review.
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TLDR
A case of milk-alkali syndrome is reported and the history of this syndrome as reported in the medical literature is reviewed, as increasing numbers of elderly women consume calcium carbonate as an anti-osteoporosis measure.
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TLDR
A case of milk-alkali syndrome is reported and the history of this syndrome as reported in the medical literature is reviewed, as increasing numbers of elderly women consume calcium carbonate as an anti-osteoporosis measure.
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TLDR
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TLDR
4 cases illustrating the variability of manifestations which may result from excessive intake of milk are presented to stress 3 facts: Hypercalcemia may continue for many months after cessation of a large calcium intake, and Moderate impairment in renal function with.
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TLDR
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TLDR
A 70-year-old Asian female with no pertinent medical history sustained accidental fractures of her pelvis and right humerus and was diagnosed with milk-alkali syndrome resulting from the use of calcium carbonate and calcitriol for the treatment of osteoporosis and bony fractures, which completely resolved within 1 week.
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TLDR
Of the several features of MAS, hypercalcemia, alkalosis in the presence of azotemia, a history of increased calcium and alkali intake, and a response to dietary calcium restriction are helpful in differentiating this syndrome from primary hyperparathyroidism.
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  • Medicine
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