Methylation of tRNAAsp by the DNA Methyltransferase Homolog Dnmt2

@article{Goll2006MethylationOT,
  title={Methylation of tRNAAsp by the DNA Methyltransferase Homolog Dnmt2},
  author={Mary G Goll and Finn Kirpekar and Keith A. Maggert and Jeffrey A. Yoder and Chih-Lin Hsieh and Xiaoyu Zhang and Kent G. Golic and Steven E. Jacobsen and Timothy H Bestor},
  journal={Science},
  year={2006},
  volume={311},
  pages={395 - 398}
}
The sequence and the structure of DNA methyltransferase-2 (Dnmt2) bear close affinities to authentic DNA cytosine methyltransferases. [] Key Result A combined genetic and biochemical approach revealed that human DNMT2 did not methylate DNA but instead methylated a small RNA; mass spectrometry showed that this RNA is aspartic acid transfer RNA (tRNA(Asp)) and that DNMT2 specifically methylated cytosine 38 in the anticodon loop.
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TLDR
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The RNA methyltransferase Dnmt2 methylates DNA in the structural context of a tRNA
TLDR
By using composite nucleic acid molecules as substrates, it is found that DNA fragments, when presented as covalent DNA-RNA hybrids in the structural context of a tRNA, can be more efficiently methylated than the corresponding natural tRNA substrate.
RNA methylation by Dnmt2 protects transfer RNAs against stress-induced cleavage.
TLDR
Results uncover a novel biological function of Dnmt2-mediated tRNA methylation, and suggest a role for DnMT2 enzymes during the biogenesis of tRNA-derived small RNAs.
RNA cytosine methylation by Dnmt2 and NSun2 promotes tRNA stability and protein synthesis
TLDR
A biologically important function for cytosine-C5 tRNA methylation in mammals is established and it is suggested that this modification promotes mouse development by supporting protein synthesis.
Characterization of the Substrate Specificity of the Dnmt2 Methyltransferase
TLDR
Experiments could show that unmodified, in vitro transcribed tRNAs are targets of the Dnmt2 enzyme derived from fly and human, and that other modifications are not a prerequisite for DnMT2 target recognition.
On the Evolutionary Origin of Eukaryotic DNA Methyltransferases and Dnmt2
TLDR
The sequence alignments and phylogenetic analyses indicate that the last universal eukaryotic ancestor contained at least one member of the Dnmt1, DNmt2 and DnMT3 families of enzymes and additional RNA methyltransferases.
DNA methyltransferases exhibit dynamic expression during spermatogenesis.
DNA methylation in Drosophila--a critical evaluation.
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  • Biology, Chemistry
    Progress in molecular biology and translational science
  • 2011
Dnmt2 is the most evolutionary conserved and enigmatic cytosine DNA methyltransferase in eukaryotes
TLDR
The Dnmt2 activity has been shown in mice to be necessary for paramutation establishment, though the precise mechanisms of its participation in this form of epigenetic heredity are unknown.
Dynamic expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in oocytes and early embryos.
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