Memory Distortions Develop Over Time: Recollections of the O.J. Simpson Trial Verdict After 15 and 32 Months
@article{Schmolck2000MemoryDD, title={Memory Distortions Develop Over Time: Recollections of the O.J. Simpson Trial Verdict After 15 and 32 Months}, author={Heike Schmolck and Elizabeth A. Buffalo and Lr. Squire}, journal={Psychological Science}, year={2000}, volume={11}, pages={39 - 45} }
Fifteen or 32 months after the verdict was announced in the O.J. Simpson murder trial, we asked college students about how they had heard the news, and we compared their responses with what they had told us 3 days after the verdict. Our study is the first to have assessed recollective accuracy at two different intervals more than 1 year after a noted public event. The quality of the recollections after 32 months was strikingly different from the quality of the recollections after 15 months…
223 Citations
Confounding the Effects of Delay and Interference on Memory Distortion: Commentary on Schmolck, Buffalo, and Squire
- PsychologyPsychological science
- 2001
Memory distortions in college students’ recollections of how they heard the verdict in the O.J. Simpson murder trial are investigated, finding that memories approximately 1 year after the event tend to be accurate, whereas those reported after a 3-year delay are more likely to be distorted.
Planting misinformation in the human mind: a 30-year investigation of the malleability of memory.
- PsychologyLearning & memory
- 2005
This review of the field ends with a brief discussion of the newer work involving misinformation that has explored the processes by which people come to believe falsely that they experienced rich complex events that never, in fact, occurred.
The nature of recollection across months and years and after medial temporal lobe damage
- PsychologyProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- 2019
It is suggested that the MTL is especially important for accessing global information about events and the relationships among their elements.
False Memories: What the Hell are They For?
- Psychology
- 2009
Recollecting the past is often accompanied by a sense of veracity—a subjective feeling that we are reencountering fragments of an episode as it occurred. Yet years of research suggest that we can be…
Flashbulb memory for 11 September 2001
- Psychology
- 2009
SUMMARY The recollection of particularly salient, surprising or consequential events is often called ‘flashbulb memories’. We tested people’s autobiographical memory for details of 11 September 2001…
A ten-year follow-up of a study of memory for the attack of September 11, 2001: Flashbulb memories and memories for flashbulb events.
- PsychologyJournal of experimental psychology. General
- 2015
The study examines retention of flashbulb memories and event memories at a substantially longer retention interval than any previous study using a test-retest methodology, allowing for the study of such memories over the long term.
Hearing the news of the death of Princess Diana and September 11: How special are flashbulb memories?
- Psychology
Some events produce vivid and detailed memories lasting for many years whereas others are less detailed and easily forgotten. What makes some events more memorable than others? What is the role of…
Memory and Autobiographical Memory for the Events of September 11 , 2001
- Psychology
- 2001
This research compares event memory and autobiographical memory for an event that was experienced to be more distressing, with more significant and widespread consequences than was any other event…
Personal memories for remote historical events: accuracy and clarity of flashbulb memories related to World War II.
- PsychologyJournal of experimental psychology. General
- 2005
One hundred forty-five Danes between 72 and 89 years of age were asked for their memories of their reception of the news of the Danish occupation (April 1940) and liberation (May 1945) and for their…
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 29 REFERENCES
The formation of flashbulb memories
- PsychologyMemory & cognition
- 1994
A causal analysis of secondary variables showed that the formation of FB memories was primarily associated with the level of importance attached to the event and level of affective response to the news.
Relating age at encoding in early childhood to adult recall: Development of flashbulb memories.
- Psychology
- 1983
Three hundred thirty-eight informants who were between 1 and 7 years of age in 1963 were asked about their personal memories surrounding the assassination of President Kennedy and six other…
Flashbulb memories of the assassination attempt on President Reagan
- PsychologyCognition
- 1984
Flashbulb memories: Special, but not so special
- PsychologyMemory & cognition
- 1989
It was concluded that the loss of information during one year contradicts the notion that flashbulb memories persist in absolute accuracy over time, as has been claimed in previous studies.
Affect and Accuracy in Recall. Studies of « flashbulb » memories
- Psychology
- 1992
Preface List of contributors 1. Introduction Eugene Winograd Part I. Empirical Studies: 2. Phantom flashbulbs: false recollections of hearing the news about Challenger Ulric Neisser and Nicole Harsch…
Flashbulb memories for the space shuttle disaster: A tale of two theories
- PsychologyCognition
- 1988
Source monitoring and memory distortion.
- PsychologyPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
- 1997
Experimental and clinical evidence regarding cognitive mechanisms and underlying brain structures of source monitoring are discussed and memory distortion reflects failures to identify the sources of mental experience.
Cognitive operations and decision bias in reality monitoring
- Psychology
- 1981
In each of the three experiments, a reality monitoring task required subjects to discriminate between words they generated and words presented by an experimenter. Each of the experiments included a…
Do you need a flash' to form a flashbulb memory?
- Psychology
- 1993
On January 16, 1991, students encoded an «ordinary event» as part of a demonstration on flashbulb memories and completed a questionnaire modeled after Christianson (1989). By coincidence, the bombing…
Phantom flashbulbs: False recollections of hearing the news about Challenger.
- Education
- 1992
When I first heard about the explosion I was sitting in my freshman dorm room with my roommate and we were watching TV. It came on a news flash and we were both totally shocked. I was really upset…