Melatonin: New Places in Therapy

@article{Maharaj2007MelatoninNP,
  title={Melatonin: New Places in Therapy},
  author={Deepa Sukhdev Maharaj and Beverley D. Glass and Santy Daya},
  journal={Bioscience Reports},
  year={2007},
  volume={27},
  pages={299-320}
}
The fact that the full extent of the function of the pineal gland has not yet been elucidated, has stimulated melatonin research worldwide. This review introduces melatonin’s mechanism of action, direct and indirect antioxidant actions as well as the antioxidant properties of its metabolites, 6-hydroxymelatonin (6-OHM) and N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine (AFMK). At present the mechanism of action is proposed to be receptor-, protein- and nonprotein-mediated. From its popular role in the… 
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The effects of melatonin on mitochondria, the main source of free radicals in cells, are considered and the regulation of antioxidant enzymes by melatonin and the participation of hormone metabolites in protection against oxidative stress are presented.
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Results indicate an improvement in the antioxidative defense of the organism bymelatonin supplementation in the examined group and may suggest melatonin supplementation as an additional treatment supporting hypotensive therapy in elderly EH patients.
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Lower activities of fundamental antioxidant enzymes in the erythrocytes of elderly people, which indicate the impairment of antioxidant defense in the aging organism and the intensity of peroxidative lipid structures, were observed.
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TLDR
Melatonin is a hormone with strong antioxidant activity that influences not only the oxidative homeostasis but also the basal metabolism, as represented by cholesterol and glucose, and could be used for therapeutical purposes such as amelioration of pathologies associated with generation of reactive species or some metabolic dysfunctions.
Melatonin counteracts age-related progression of oxidative stress in young Down syndrome patients
TLDR
A significant effect of MLT was indicated in downregulating the levels of the oxidative radicalsH2O2 and NO compared to untreated DS patients' lymphocytes, accompanied by a profound effect ofMLT in reducing the number of oxidative stress-dependent damaged chromosomes, along with a reduction in cell apoptosis and DNA protection in the p53 dependent pathway.
Can Melatonin Act as an Antioxidant in Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress Model in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells?
TLDR
It seems that melatonin could prevent from undesirable impacts of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on MnSOD downregulation and promote inductive effect of H 2O2 on catalase mRNA expression.
Melatonin improves oxidative stress parameters measured in the blood of elderly type 2 diabetic patients
TLDR
Melatonin supplementation is suggested as an additional treatment for the control of diabetic complications and an improvement of antioxidative defense after melatonin supplementation in the NIDDM individuals is indicated.
Free Radicals, Antioxidants in Disease and Health
TLDR
This mini-review deals with the taxonomy, the mechanisms of formation and catabolism of the free radicals, it examines their beneficial and deleterious effects on cellular activities, and it highlights the potential role of the antioxidants in preventing and repairing damages caused by oxidative stress.
Targeting oxidative stress component in the therapeutics of epilepsy.
TLDR
The present review is intended to discuss the current state of knowledge pertaining to neuroprotection in epileptic conditions by employing diverse chemical agents including conventional as well as novel anti-epileptic drugs, and to highlight the efficacy of distinct neuroprotective strategies for preventing or treating epilepsy.
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