Melanocortin receptor agonists in the treatment of male and female sexual dysfunctions: results from basic research and clinical studies

@article{ckert2014MelanocortinRA,
  title={Melanocortin receptor agonists in the treatment of male and female sexual dysfunctions: results from basic research and clinical studies},
  author={Stefan {\"U}ckert and Andreas Bannowsky and Knut Albrecht and Markus Antonius Kuczyk},
  journal={Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs},
  year={2014},
  volume={23},
  pages={1477 - 1483}
}
Introduction: Over the last 20 years, basic and clinical research activities studying the male and female sexual responses have led to several pharmacological options to treat male erectile dysfunction (ED) and female arousal and orgasmic disorders. While some strategies exclusively focus on peripheral mechanisms – such as nitric oxide/cyclic GMP signaling, which is known to play a role in the control of genital vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle – others have considered the central… 
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The established extrahormonal effects of melanocortins on sexual activity, feeding, inflammation, tissue hypoperfusion, and traumatic damage of central and peripheral nervous system are reviewed at the light of recent findings.
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Naturally occurring peptides derived from frog skin secretions for selectivity and activity toward melanocortin receptors are investigated and suggest that these frog‐skin peptides could be modified for developing melancortin‐specific ligands and potentially future therapeutics.
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The Bio-Psycho-Social Dimension in Women's Sexual Desire: 'Argumentum ad novitatem'.
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An outline on know-how of introduction for sex therapy where the role of partner is narrated is suggested and the use of pharmacological agent as an adjunct scope of therapy, i.e. phosphodiasterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and hormonal treatment in helping the patient with low sexual desire is highlighted.
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There is a growing body of literature describing pharmacological interventions, but in many cases their utility is hard to establish due to placebo responses, side effect profiles, and negative impact of comorbidities.
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