Mechanisms of cancer resistance in long-lived mammals

@article{Seluanov2018MechanismsOC,
  title={Mechanisms of cancer resistance in long-lived mammals},
  author={Andrei Seluanov and Vadim N. Gladyshev and Jan Vijg and Vera Gorbunova},
  journal={Nature Reviews Cancer},
  year={2018},
  volume={18},
  pages={433-441}
}
Cancer researchers have traditionally used the mouse and the rat as staple model organisms. These animals are very short-lived, reproduce rapidly and are highly prone to cancer. They have been very useful for modelling some human cancer types and testing experimental treatments; however, these cancer-prone species offer little for understanding the mechanisms of cancer resistance. Recent technological advances have expanded bestiary research to non-standard model organisms that possess unique… 
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The genome widely identified long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcripts of two longevous mammals and featured their sequence traits, expression patterns, and their correlations with cancer-resistance provided the basis for lncRNA researches in perspectives of evolution and anti-cancer studies.
Age‐dependent expression of cancer‐related genes in a long‐lived seabird
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It is suggested here that seabirds are promising, albeit currently completely ignored candidates for studying cancer defense mechanisms, as they have a longer maximum life span than expected from their body size and rates of energy metabolism and may have thus evolved mechanisms to limit neoplasia progression, especially at older ages.
Insights on cancer resistance in vertebrates: reptiles as a parallel system to mammals
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It is highlighted how longlived and largebodied organisms are a natural resource for investigating the molecular mechanisms that underlie nontransmissible cancer resistance and increased tumour suppression in mammals.
Naked Mole-Rats: Resistant to Developing Cancer or Good at Avoiding It?
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The naked mole-rat (NMR, Heterocephalus glaber), an exceptionally long-lived rodent, displays significant cancer resistance with only a small number of animals being reported to exhibit spontaneous neoplasms.
Beyond tradition and convention: benefits of non-traditional model organisms in cancer research.
TLDR
It is proposed that assimilating information from a variety of long-lived, large, genetically diverse, and immunocompetent species that live in natural environments and do develop cancer spontaneously (or do not develop cancer at all) will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of human cancers.
Increased risk of cancer in dogs and humans: A consequence of recent extension of lifespan beyond evolutionarily determined limitations?
TLDR
The cancer‐protective mechanisms that restrain risk at comparable levels to other species for their adapted lifespan are incapable of providing cancer protection over this recent, drastic, and widespread increase in longevity.
Deciphering the metabolic secret of longevity through the analysis of metabolic response to stress on long-lived species.
The genome of North American beaver provides insights into the mechanisms of its longevity and cancer resistance
TLDR
A significantly improved beaver genome assembly is utilized to assess evolutionary changes in gene coding sequences, copy number, and expression, and several genes involved in DNA repair showed a higher expression in beavers which is consistent with the trend observed in other long-lived mammals.
The Evolution of Human Cancer Gene Duplications across Mammals
TLDR
The strongest association between longevity and copy numbers of genes that are both germline and somatic tumor suppressor genes are found, suggesting selection has acted to suppress both hereditary and sporadic cancers.
Revelations About Aging and Disease from Unconventional Vertebrate Model Organisms.
TLDR
It is proposed that exploring a wider range of unconventional vertebrates will provide important resources to study antiaging mechanisms that are potentially applicable to humans.
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