• DOI:10.3945/ajcn.111.022772
• Corpus ID: 1112942

Maternal choline intake modulates maternal and fetal biomarkers of choline metabolism in humans.

@article{Yan2012MaternalCI,
  title={Maternal choline intake modulates maternal and fetal biomarkers of choline metabolism in humans.},
  author={Jian Yan and Xinyin Jiang and Allyson A. West and Cydne A Perry and Olga V. Malysheva and Srisatish Devapatla and Eva K Pressman and Francoise M. Vermeylen and Sally P. Stabler and Robert H. Allen and Marie A. Caudill},
  journal={The American journal of clinical nutrition},
  year={2012},
  volume={95 5},
  pages={
          1060-71
        }
}

• Jian Yan, Xinyin Jiang, +8 authors M. Caudill
• Published 1 May 2012
• Medicine, Biology
• The American journal of clinical nutrition

BACKGROUND
In 1998 choline Adequate Intakes of 425 and 450 mg/d were established for nonpregnant and pregnant women, respectively. However, to our knowledge, no dose-response studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of pregnancy or maternal choline intake on biomarkers of choline metabolism.

OBJECTIVE
We sought to quantify the effects of pregnancy and maternal choline intake on maternal and fetal indicators of choline metabolism.

DESIGN
Healthy pregnant (n = 26; 27 wk gestation) and nonpregnant (n = 21) women were randomly assigned to receive 480 or 930 mg choline/d for 12 wk. Fasting blood samples and placental tissue and umbilical cord venous blood were collected and analyzed for choline and its metabolites.

RESULTS
Regardless of the choline intake, pregnant women had higher circulating concentrations of choline (30%; P < 0.001) but lower concentrations of betaine, dimethylglycine, sarcosine, and methionine (13-55%; P < 0.001). Obligatory losses of urinary choline and betaine in pregnant women were ∼2-4 times as high (P ≤ 0.02) as those in nonpregnant women. A higher choline intake yielded higher concentrations of choline, betaine, dimethylglycine, and sarcosine (12-46%; P ≤ 0.08) in both pregnant and nonpregnant women without affecting urinary choline excretion. The higher maternal choline intake also led to a doubling of dimethylglycine in cord plasma (P = 0.002).

CONCLUSION
These data suggest that an increment of 25 mg choline/d to meet the demands of pregnancy is insufficient and show that a higher maternal choline intake increases the use of choline as a methyl donor in both maternal and fetal compartments. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01127022.