Maternal Marijuana Use and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

@article{Conner2016MaternalMU,
  title={Maternal Marijuana Use and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis},
  author={Shayna N. Conner and Victoria Bedell and Kim L Lipsey and George A. Macones and Alison G. Cahill and Methodius G. Tuuli},
  journal={Obstetrics \& Gynecology},
  year={2016},
  volume={128},
  pages={713–723}
}
OBJECTIVE To estimate whether marijuana use in pregnancy increases risks for adverse neonatal outcomes and clarify if any increased risk is attributable to marijuana use itself or to confounding factors such as tobacco use. [...] Key MethodDATA SOURCES Two authors performed a search of the data through August 2015 utilizing PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane reviews, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health. Expand
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Marijuana use and perinatal outcomes in obstetric patients at a safety net hospital.
Marijuana Use during Pregnancy and Preterm Birth: A Prospective Cohort Study.
TLDR
Marijuana use was not associated with total pre term birth in this cohort, suggesting that among women already at high risk of preterm birth, marijuana does not increase risk further, however, there was a suggestion that pregnant women who use marijuana may deliver earlier, particularly from spontaneous pre Term birth, than women who do not use marijuana.
Marijuana use and pregnancy outcomes among women with hypertension in pregnancy.
  • Karen S. Greiner, Jamie O. Lo, R. Speranza, M. Rincon, R. Burwick
  • Medicine
    The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
  • 2020
TLDR
Marijuana use in pregnancy was not associated with maternal or neonatal outcomes or worsened hypertensive disease among women with hypertension in pregnancy after adjusting for maternal characteristics, including use of other substances.
Maternal marijuana use, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal morbidity
Marijuana Use in Pregnancy and While Breastfeeding.
TLDR
Pregnant women should be advised to refrain from using marijuana during pregnancy and lactation because the harms are biologically plausible given the role of the endocannabinoid system in pregnancy implantation, placentation, and fetal neurologic development.
Maternal persistent marijuana use and cigarette smoking are independently associated with shorter gestational age.
TLDR
In this high-risk US population, maternal marijuana use and cigarette smoking during pregnancy were independently associated with shorter gestational age and the elevated risk was only observed with spontaneous preterm birth.
Marijuana use during and after pregnancy and association of prenatal use on birth outcomes: A population-based study.
TLDR
Co-use of substances was common among prenatal and postpartum marijuana users and Prenatal marijuana use was not independently associated with lower average birthweight or gestational age, and Postpartum Marijuana use was associated with depressive symptoms and shorter breastfeeding duration.
Effect of intrauterine marijuana exposure on fetal growth patterns and placental vascular resistance
  • B. Brar, P. Patil, D. Jackson, M. Gardner, J. Alexander, Nora M. Doyle
  • Medicine
    The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
  • 2019
TLDR
The data shows that daily marijuana use is associated with impaired fetal growth and increased placental vascular resistance, and marijuana consumption in pregnancy should be avoided until further studies delineate its exact potential for fetotoxicity.
Maternal Marijuana Exposure and Birth Weight: An Observational Study Surrounding Recreational Marijuana Legalization.
TLDR
Marijuana exposure verified by UDS was associated with LBW and SGA, however, recreational marijuana legalization and availability did not have direct impact on newborns' risk of LBW or SGA.
Marijuana Use among Pregnant Women in a High-Risk Population
TLDR
Evaluate marijuana use in pregnant women living in Montgomery County, Ohio in the highest risk zip codes and determine if use at delivery is lower in women enrolled in CenteringPregnancy compared to women who were not to find no significant association between participation in CenteredPregnancy and marijuana cessation by delivery.
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References

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Maternal marijuana use and neonatal morbidity.
TLDR
Marijuana use is common in pregnancy but may not be an independent risk factor for poor neonatal outcomes in term pregnancies, after adjusting for smoking, other drug use, and African American race.
Marijuana use in pregnancy and lactation: a review of the evidence.
TLDR
There is an emerging body of evidence indicating that marijuana may cause problems with neurological development, resulting in hyperactivity, poor cognitive function, and changes in dopaminergic receptors, than in the 1980s, when much of the marijuana research was completed.
Prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
TLDR
Results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that women who used cannabis during pregnancy had an increase in the odds of anaemia and infants exposed to cannabis in utero were more likely to need placement in the neonatal intensive care unit compared with infants whose mothers did not use cannabis duringregnancy.
Marijuana use and pregnancy: prevalence, associated characteristics, and birth outcomes
TLDR
Although marijuana is common among obstetric patients at prenatal care initiation, most cease use by delivery and there are no differences in birth outcomes or utilization of prenatal care by marijuana exposure.
The impact of cocaine and marijuana use on low birth weight and preterm birth: a multicenter study.
TLDR
15% of all cases of low birth weight in this study could have been prevented if women did not smoke cigarettes during pregnancy, and cocaine use was uncommon and was not related to most adverse birth outcomes.
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TLDR
Until more information is available, women should be advised not to use marijuana during pregnancy, and more data are needed to establish firmly or rule out an association between marijuana usage and major malformations.
Effect of marijuana use in pregnancy on fetal growth.
TLDR
In a prospective study of 3,857 pregnancies ending in singleton live births at Yale-New Haven Hospital in 1980-1982, 9.5% of mothers reported using marijuana, and regular use was associated with an increased risk of delivering a low birth weight infant and small for gestational age infant.
Prenatal marijuana use and neonatal outcome.
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TLDR
Evidence regarding the effects of marijuana exposure during pregnancy and breast-feeding, and studies pertaining to fetal growth, pregnancy outcomes, neonatal findings, and continued development of fetuses and neonates exposed to marijuana through adolescence are examined.
Association Between Stillbirth and Illicit Drug Use and Smoking During Pregnancy
TLDR
Cannabis use, smoking, illicit drug use, and apparent exposure to second-hand smoke, separately or in combination, during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of stillbirth.
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