Marine Cobalt Resources

@article{Manheim1986MarineCR,
  title={Marine Cobalt Resources},
  author={F. Manheim},
  journal={Science},
  year={1986},
  volume={232},
  pages={600 - 608}
}
Ferromanganese oxides in the open oceans are more enriched in cobalt than any other widely distributed sediments or rocks. Concentrations of cobalt exceed 1 percent in ferromanganese crusts on seamounts, ocean ridges, and other raised areas of the ocean. The cobaltrich crusts may be the slowest growing of any earth material, accumulating one molecular layer every 1 to 3 months. Attention has been drawn to crusts as potential resources because they contain cobalt, manganese, and platinum, three… Expand
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Phosphorite-manganese crusts were dredged from the flanks of seamounts of the Kiribati and Tuvalu EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) from water depths between 1450 and 2355 m. Samples from Kiribati… Expand
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Abstract Mass cobalt-rich ferromanganese microcrusts and nodules similar in morphology and chemical composition to cobalt-rich ferromanganese deep-ocean crusts were found in Cenozoic volcanic rocks… Expand
Assessment of the Mineral Resource Potential of Atlantic Ferromanganese Crusts Based on Their Growth History, Microstructure, and Texture
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Due to rapidly depleting land-based mineral resources, oceanic mineral deposits gain greater significance. Ferromanganese deposits on the seabed (nodules) and seamounts (crusts) known for the… Expand
New index of ferromanganese crusts reflecting oceanic environmental oxidation
Ferromanganese crusts (hereinafter crusts) form in aerobic environment and the environmental oxida-tion degree is recorded by the redox sensitive element Co in the crusts. The ages of the layers from… Expand
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